A study of methyl bromide emissions from automobiles burning leaded gasoline using standardized vehicle testing procedures

Bertram, F.; Kolowich, J. Bruce

doi:10.1029/1999gl011008

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…January was defined as the minimum value in the ratio of non-sea-salt S / Na. Bigler et al (2002) demonstrated that the input of anthropogenic sulfate during the Arctic haze slightly shifted the seasonal cycle of sulfate preserved in a north-eastern Greenland ice core ice toward spring by, on average, 1 month. The ratio of the Na to S was thus used to define the formal annual layer boundaries because using the ratio of two tracers with opposing seasonality (winter Na maximum and summer S maximum) reduces the sensitivity of the series to any small temporal fluctuations.…”

Section: Ice Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea ice and pollution-modulated changes in Greenland ice core methanesulfonate and bromine

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Reconstruction of past changes in Arctic sea ice extent may be critical for understanding its future evolution. Methanesulfonate (MSA) and bromine concentrations preserved in ice cores have both been proposed as indicators of past sea ice conditions. In this study, two ice cores from central and north-eastern Greenland were analysed at sub-annual resolution for MSA (CH3SO3H) and bromine, covering the time period 1750–2010. We examine correlations between ice core MSA and the HadISST1 ICE sea ice dataset and consult back trajectories to infer the likely source regions. A strong correlation between the low-frequency MSA and bromine records during pre-industrial times indicates that both chemical species are likely linked to processes occurring on or near sea ice in the same source regions. The positive correlation between ice core MSA and bromine persists until the mid-20th century, when the acidity of Greenland ice begins to increase markedly due to increased fossil fuel emissions. After that time, MSA levels decrease as a result of declining sea ice extent but bromine levels increase. We consider several possible explanations and ultimately suggest that increased acidity, specifically nitric acid, of snow on sea ice stimulates the release of reactive Br from sea ice, resulting in increased transport and deposition on the Greenland ice sheet.

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Section: Ice Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea ice and pollution-modulated changes in Greenland ice core methanesulfonate and bromine

et al. 2017

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“…There is much debate concerning the amount of EDB that is emitted as CH 3 Br. Hao [1986] quotes 0.1%, Baumann and Heumann [1987] 15–25%, Baker et al [1998] 7.5%, Chen et al [1999] 10% and Bertram and Kolowich [2000] 2.4%. Furthermore, it is possible that the emission factor has changed over time with changing fuel composition, engines and operating conditions.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric budget implications of the temporal and spatial trends in methyl bromide concentration

Reeves

2003

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) is an important ozone-depleting gas for which 20th century trends of the atmospheric concentration have recently been derived from air trapped in Antarctic firn. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2-D) global model, with a coupled atmosphere and ocean, is used to examine this historical trend, analyzing its implication for the various source strengths and the lifetime of CH 3 Br. The results illustrate that not only is the current understanding of the present-day atmospheric budget of CH 3 Br incomplete but so too is our understanding of the budget of CH 3 Br prior to major industrial emissions and anthropogenic changes to it. This difference cannot be explained by the overall error in the model results as determined from the uncertainties in the major source and sink terms. Either the estimate of the sink strength is too large or there is an underestimate of a known ''nonindustrial'' source or an unaccounted ''nonindustrial'' source, or some combination of these. Further, the results imply that the increase in the ''anthropogenically influenced'' sources during the 20th century is underestimated or that the sink strength is too strong. Since this applies to both before and after 1950, this suggests that the increase in nonfumigant sources and possibly fumigant sources is underestimated, assuming the sinks not to be overestimated. A longer lifetime has the effect of not only increasing the absolute concentrations but also increasing the rate of growth in concentrations and thus improving the agreement with the firn data. The sensitivity of the results to the uncertainties in the individual source and sink terms is assessed. The budget is also examined in terms of the properties of an artificial source necessary to provide balance. Other data sets of observed CH 3 Br concentration are also used to evaluate the modeled source and sink scenarios in terms of seasonal and latitudinal variations.

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“…Less bromomethane than previous estimated is emitted from vehicles powered by lead-containing gasoline. 837 A series of short papers has presented updates on bromomethane fluxes, sources and sinks. 838-840 3.…”

Section: Addendummentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine: the only green element – towards a wider acceptance of its role in natural cycles

Winterton

2000

Green Chem.

111

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A study of methyl bromide emissions from automobiles burning leaded gasoline using standardized vehicle testing procedures

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Sea ice and pollution-modulated changes in Greenland ice core methanesulfonate and bromine

Sea ice and pollution-modulated changes in Greenland ice core methanesulfonate and bromine

Atmospheric budget implications of the temporal and spatial trends in methyl bromide concentration

Chlorine: the only green element – towards a wider acceptance of its role in natural cycles

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