A study of methods to estimate visibility based on weather conditions.

Matsuzawa, Masaru; Takeuchi, Masao

doi:10.5331/seppyo.64.77

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A low-level high-pressure region is consequently generated around the island, creating a large geopo- tential gradient, and thus results in the intensification of low-level winds in the region. Matsuzawa and Takeuchi (2002) showed that continuous snowdrifting occurs when temperatures are lower than −5°C and wind speeds exceed 11 m s −1 (see their Fig. 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Okhotsk Sea Ice Distribution on a Snowstorm Associated with an Explosive Cyclone in Hokkaido, Japan

Kawano

Kawamura

2018

SOLA

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To investigate the influence of the distribution of sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk on the behavior of a severe snowstorm, which occurred in Hokkaido, Japan, on 2 March 2013 and which was associated with an explosive cyclone, three WRF simulations with realistic, reduced, and enhanced sea ice-cover were carried out. A comparison among these experiments reveals that the extent of the sea ice influenced low-level temperatures and winds to the rear of the cyclone center during the development of the explosive cyclone over the Sea of Okhotsk. Sea ice insulates the ocean from heat exchange with the atmosphere. As a result, when the Okhotsk sea ice extent reaches Hokkaido Island, cold air masses from the north traverse the island without first being heated by the ocean. The consequent temperature reduction produces a lowlevel higher pressure region to the rear of the cyclone center. As a result, a large geopotential gradient is generated just to the rear of the cyclone center, and low-level winds are intensified within this region. Therefore, the Okhotsk sea ice extent reaching Hokkaido Island plays a significant role in lowering temperatures and intensifying winds in the island.(Citation: Kawano, T., and R. Kawamura, 2018: Influence of Okhotsk sea ice distribution on a snowstorm associated with an explosive cyclone in Hokkaido, Japan. SOLA, 14, 1−5,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Okhotsk Sea Ice Distribution on a Snowstorm Associated with an Explosive Cyclone in Hokkaido, Japan

Kawano

Kawamura

2018

SOLA

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“…1a and 1b) Snow concentration measures blowing snow potential in this paper. Because blowing snow particles mostly follow the turbulent diffusion theory (Shiotani 1953;Nemoto and Nishimura 2004), the mass conservation law relates snow concentration n (g m −3 ) to snowfall intensity P (g m −2 s −1 ) and friction velocity U * (m s −1 ; Matsuzawa and Takeuchi 2002):…”

Section: An Added Value Of the Ddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Matsuzawa and Takeuchi (2002), the falling velocity of snowfall particles w f and that of blowing snow particles w b are assumed to be constant, 1.2 m s −1 and 0.35 m s −1 , respectively, n 1 is 30 g m −3 , z 1 is 0.15 m, and the von Karman's constant k is set to 0.4. Assuming the wind logarithmic distribution, the friction velocity can be estimated from 10-m wind speed U 10 (m s −1 ) as, (2)…”

Section: An Added Value Of the Ddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Snowfall intensity equals to precipitation intensity when we identify precipitation as snowfall from a rain-snow discrimination relation (Matsuo and Sasyo 1981). Visibility V (m) can be estimated with an empirical relation (Matsuzawa and Takeuchi 2002),…”

Section: An Added Value Of the Ddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, a forecast of blowing snow or its potential over a much wider area may provide helpful information for disaster mitigation. Though an explict calculation of sub-kilometer turbulence with blowing snow could hardly expand to wide-area forcasting due to computational cost, blowing snow potential with a horizontal scale of about 1 km can be diagnosed with background wind speed, snowfall intensity and surface air temperature (Shiotani 1953;Matsuzawa and Takeuchi 2002). Such a diagnostic forecast of blowing snow has been operated in some part of Hokkaido, Japan (http://www.northern-road.jp/navi/touge/fubuki.htm), based on coarse-resolution weather forecast data with at most 5-km grid mesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Study of Blowing Snow Potential Diagnosis with Dynamical Downscaling

Tanji

Inatsu

2019

SOLA

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Blowing snow potential is diagnosed for typical cases around Sapporo, Japan, as snow concentration and visibility based on dynamically downscaled data with 1-km resolution. The results are consistent with the blowing-snow records on time and place of traffic disruption, when the dynamical downscaling (DDS) reproduced wind speed well for a case. The diagnosis with mesoscale model analysis with 5-km resolution does not reproduce the blowing snow events in most area, however. Hence, the DDS potentially, not perfectly, adds the value to estimate blowing snow potential, despite a large scale-gap from an explicit representation of small-scale turbulence related to blowing snow. Sensitivity tests clarify that blowing snow requires strong wind and freezing temperature at the surface.(Citation: Tanji, S., and M. Inatsu 2019: Case study of blowing snow potential diagnosis with dynamical downscaling. SOLA, 15, 32−36,

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The visibility of the human eye in blowing snow with the effect of suspended snow particles’ afterimages

et al. 2022

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Afterimages of snow particles in blowing snow may cause lower visibility of the human eye compared to images captured by a digital video camera. However, the impact of the afterimage of snow particles on the visibility of the human eye in blowing snow has not been investigated quantitatively. Here we examined visibility taking the effect of afterimages of snow particles on the human eye into consideration. By considering the duration range of afterimages, and changing the windspeed while the snow density remains constant, our numerical model of visibility for the visual duration range of 0.12 to 0.04 s could accurately explain the visibility of the human eye previously observed in blowing snow.

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A study of methods to estimate visibility based on weather conditions.

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of Okhotsk Sea Ice Distribution on a Snowstorm Associated with an Explosive Cyclone in Hokkaido, Japan

Influence of Okhotsk Sea Ice Distribution on a Snowstorm Associated with an Explosive Cyclone in Hokkaido, Japan

Case Study of Blowing Snow Potential Diagnosis with Dynamical Downscaling

The visibility of the human eye in blowing snow with the effect of suspended snow particles’ afterimages

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