A study of lymphoid organs and serum proinflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with African swine fever virus genotype II

Zakaryan, Hovakim; Cholakyans, Victorya; Simonyan, L. A.; Misakyan, Alla; Каралова, Е М; Chavushyan, Andranik; Karalyan, Zaven

doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2401-7

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, compared with the 10 genes significantly up and down-regulated by day 1 pi with E75CV1, E75 only up-regulated 4, namely: IL - 12p40 , TGF - βR1 , TNF - α and IL - 21 , with key activation markers such as s CD163 , IFN - γ and IL - 4 showing tendency towards being down-regulated (Figure 6 A). This tendency totally reverted through the infection course and by day 7 pi the activation of a massive number of immune mediators was observed as demonstrated in here with the significant up-regulation of: IL - 5 , DEFB2 , TLR - 3 , IL - 6 , IL - 8 , IL - 1β , IL - 21 , IL - 23 and IL - 10 ; coinciding with the cytokine storm described during the terminal phase of acute ASF [ 36 ] (Figure 6 B). The transcription profile observed in the gastrohepatic lymph nodes of E75CV1-infected pigs showed an inverted cytokine response when compared to that of E75.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection

Lacasta

Monteagudo

Jiménez-Marín

et al. 2015

Vet Res

101

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causal agent of African swine fever, a hemorrhagic and often lethal porcine disease causing enormous economical losses in affected countries. Endemic for decades in most of the sub-Saharan countries and Sardinia, the risk of ASFV-endemicity in Europe has increased since its last introduction into Europe in 2007. Live attenuated viruses have been demonstrated to induce very efficient protective immune responses, albeit most of the time protection was circumscribed to homologous ASFV challenges. However, their use in the field is still far from a reality, mainly due to safety concerns. In this study we compared the course of the in vivo infection caused by two homologous ASFV strains: the virulent E75 and the cell cultured adapted strain E75CV1, obtained from adapting E75 to grow in the CV1 cell-line. Interestingly, the kinetics of both viruses not only differed on the clinical signs that they caused and in the virus loads found, but also in the immunological pathways activated throughout the infections. Furthermore, E75CV1 confirmed its protective potential against the homologous E75 virus challenge and allowed the demonstration of poor cross-protection against BA71, thus defining it as heterologous. The in vitro specificity of the CD8+ T-cells present at the time of lethal challenge showed a clear activation against the homologous virus (E75) but not against BA71. These findings will be of utility for a better understanding of ASFV pathogenesis and for the rational designing of safe and efficient vaccines against this virus.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection

Lacasta

Monteagudo

Jiménez-Marín

et al. 2015

Vet Res

101

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“…Experimental infections occur with the development of clinical signs at 7–10 days post inoculation that can be considered late times of infection. At that time, histopathological evaluation shows typical alterations of the disease such as macrophage infiltrations and apoptotic cells together with a cytokine storm characteristic of the terminal phase in ASF infections according to previous studies [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Differential expression of porcine microRNAs in African swine fever virus infected pigs: a proof-of-concept study

Núñez-Hernández

Pérez

Muñoz

et al. 2017

Virol J

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BackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a re-expanding devastating viral disease currently threatening the pig industry worldwide. MicroRNAs are a class of 17–25 nucleotide non- coding RNAs that have been shown to have critical functions in a wide variety of biological processes, such as cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, regulation of immunity as well as in viral infections by cleavage or translational repression of mRNAs. Nevertheless, there is no information about miRNA expression in an ASFV infection.MethodsIn this proof-of-concept study, we have analyzed miRNAs expressed in spleen and submandibular lymph node of experimentally infected pigs with a virulent (E75) or its derived attenuated (E75CV1) ASFV strain, as well as, at different times post-infection with the virulent strain, by high throughput sequencing of small RNA libraries.ResultsSpleen presented a more differential expression pattern than lymph nodes in an ASFV infection. Of the most abundant miRNAs, 12 were differentially expressed in both tissues at two different times in infected animals with the virulent strain. Of these, miR-451, miR-145-5p, miR-181a and miR-122 presented up-regulation at late times post-infection while miR-92a, miR-23a, miR-92b-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-30d, miR-23b and miR-92c showed down-regulation. Of the 8 differentially expressed miRNAs identified at the same time post-infection in infected animals with the virulent strain compared with animals infected with its attenuated strain, miR-126-5p, miR-92c, miR-92a, miR-30e-5p and miR-500a-5p presented up-regulation whereas miR-125b, miR-451 and miR-125a were down-regulated. All these miRNAs have been shown to be associated with cellular genes involved in pathways related to the immune response, virus-host interactions as well as with several viral genes.ConclusionThe study of miRNA expression will contribute to a better understanding of African swine fever virus pathogenesis, essential in the development of any disease control strategy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0864-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…To explain the pathology, we must identify a specific pathology type in ASF - hypercytokinemia [34]. Hypercytokinemia occurs in response to sepsis (including viral pneumonias) resulting in an abnormally increase of primary proinflammatory cytokines of blood serum, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 (IL-1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of hemolysis in pigs infected with highly virulent African swine fever virus

Karalyan¹,

Zakaryan²,

Arakelova³

et al. 2016

Vet World

Self Cite

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Aim:The research was conducted to understand more profoundly the pathogenetic aspects of the acute form of the African swine fever (ASF).Materials and Methods:A total of 10 pigs were inoculated with ASF virus (ASFV) (genotype II) in the study of the red blood cells (RBCs), blood and urine biochemistry in the dynamics of disease.Results:The major hematological differences observed in ASFV infected pigs were that the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and hematocrits were significantly decreased compared to controls, and the levels of erythropoietin were significantly increased. Also were detected the trends of decrease in RBC count at terminal stages of ASF. Analysis of blood biochemistry revealed that during ASF development, besides bilirubinemia significantly elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were detected. Analysis of urine biochemistry revealed the presence of bilirubinuria, proteinuria during ASF development. Proteinuria, especially at late stages of the disease reflects a severe kidney damage possible glomerulonefritis.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate the characteristics of developing hemolytic anemia observed in acute ASF (genotype II).

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A study of lymphoid organs and serum proinflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with African swine fever virus genotype II

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection

Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection

Differential expression of porcine microRNAs in African swine fever virus infected pigs: a proof-of-concept study

Evidence of hemolysis in pigs infected with highly virulent African swine fever virus

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