A Study of LoRa Coverage: Range Evaluation and Channel Attenuation Model

Seye, R. Madoune; Ngom, Bassirou; Gueye, Bamba; Diallo, Moussa

doi:10.1109/sccic.2018.8584548

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…One of the most performance indicators for LPWAN networks is coverage. Based on this premise, to determine the reach of LoRa technology for the most diverse environments and to propose channel attenuation models according to RSSI, studies were carried out [46] - [48]. Furthermore, other radio propagation models that are widespread in the literature, such as the Log-distance model [51], Okumura-Hata [29], COST-231 [50], among others, were compare and use to determine path loss when using LoRa technology in the most diverse scenarios [49].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Modeling and Analysis of Uplink and Downlink Channels for LoRa Technology in Suburban Environments

Batalha

Lopes

Lima

et al. 2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Modeling and Analysis of Uplink and Downlink Channels for LoRa Technology in Suburban Environments

Batalha

Lopes

Lima

et al. 2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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“…Although the components of the prototype system were placed close hence not showing the long-distance abilities of the LoRa communication system. Range tests for data delivery and packet delivery ratio analysis for LoRa communication have been already carried out by literatures such as [8] and [26] and therefore will not be repeated in this work.…”

Section: Prototype Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Open Source LoRa Based, Low-Cost IoT Platform for Renewable Energy Generation Unit Monitoring and Supervisory Control

Ndukwe¹,

Iqbal²,

Khan³

2021

JEPT

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SCADA provides real-time system monitoring by constant communication and data exchange between various system devices to achieve data visualization and logging. Presently, in industrial systems, commercial SCADA systems are being used for data monitoring and control. These systems can be expensive, and as such can only be afforded by select industries. Even at these costs, the commercial SCADA systems face some challenges, which include interoperability and scalability issues. Research has shown that these problems can be solved by the introduction of low-cost materials and open-source software to achieve data monitoring for all levels of processes. This paper proposes an open source, low-cost Internet of Things (IoT)-based SCADA system that employs the IoT architecture for SCADA functions. The proposed system is an improvement to the existing IoT solutions by eliminating cloud based IoT platforms and introducing a single machine system. This solution increases the robustness of the system while reducing costs. The proposed system prototype consists of voltage and current sensors, Arduino Uno microcontroller and Raspberry Pi. The sensors acquire data from the monitored unit. The Arduino Uno receives the data and processes them for transmission to the Raspberry Pi using the LoRa communication technology. At the Raspberry Pi, the local Chirpstack platform processes the data and displays the measured data using the Grafana dashboard for real-time data monitoring, and the data is stored in an InfluxDB database. For system validation purposes, the prototype is designed, developed, and set up to monitor the panel voltage, current and battery voltage of a solar photovoltaic system. The results obtained from the experimental set-up are compared with the test data from physical digital multimeters. The system presented in this paper is a low-cost, open source, scalable and interoperable system. This, therefore, makes the proposed SCADA system an alternative for commercial SCADA systems, especially for select applications. The system proposed in this paper can be deployed to large industrial systems with appropriate upgrades and customization. The main contribution of this research is the design and development of a SCADA system that performs all the functions of a proprietary SCADA system at a very low-cost with scalable and interoperability features which are the main limitations of the traditional SCADA systems.

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“…The system proposed in this article is based on the use of LoRa or LoRaWAN due to their ability to provide medium and long-range coverage in both indoor and outdoor scenarios, thus fitting into the traditional areas where smart irrigation is required. Specifically, previous literature evaluated LoRa range, obtaining up to 30 km for boat communications and 15 km for car communications [40], up to 8 km (but losing many packets) and up to 4 km (losing a few packets) within urban environments [41], up to 500 m for very dense-vegetation environments [42] and a radius coverage of 1.8 km for a soil monitoring system in agriculture by means of LoRa devices with worse performance in terms of sensitivity than the ones used in this article [43]. Besides range, LoRa and LoRaWAN have other features that are attractive for smart irrigation deployments: their energy consumption is relative low (RX current is usually around 10 mA, while deep-sleep current is under 200 nA), its robustness against interference has been proven [44,45], transceiver cost is also low (less than US$ 8, as of writing) and there is no need to pay monthly fees to a mobile carrier.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Implementation, and Empirical Validation of an IoT Smart Irrigation System for Fog Computing Applications Based on LoRa and LoRaWAN Sensor Nodes

Froiz-Míguez

López-Iturri

Fraga‐Lamas

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Climate change is driving new solutions to manage water more efficiently. Such solutions involve the development of smart irrigation systems where Internet of Things (IoT) nodes are deployed throughout large areas. In addition, in the mentioned areas, wireless communications can be difficult due to the presence of obstacles and metallic objects that block electromagnetic wave propagation totally or partially. This article details the development of a smart irrigation system able to cover large urban areas thanks to the use of Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) sensor nodes based on LoRa and LoRaWAN. IoT nodes collect soil temperature/moisture and air temperature data, and control water supply autonomously, either by making use of fog computing gateways or by relying on remote commands sent from a cloud. Since the selection of IoT node and gateway locations is essential to have good connectivity and to reduce energy consumption, this article uses an in-house 3D-ray launching radio-planning tool to determine the best locations in real scenarios. Specifically, this paper provides details on the modeling of a university campus, which includes elements like buildings, roads, green areas, or vehicles. In such a scenario, simulations and empirical measurements were performed for two different testbeds: a LoRaWAN testbed that operates at 868 MHz and a testbed based on LoRa with 433 MHz transceivers. All the measurements agree with the simulation results, showing the impact of shadowing effects and material features (e.g., permittivity, conductivity) in the electromagnetic propagation of near-ground and underground LoRaWAN communications. Higher RF power levels are observed for 433 MHz due to the higher transmitted power level and the lower radio propagation losses, and even in the worst gateway location, the received power level is higher than the sensitivity threshold (−148 dBm). Regarding water consumption, the provided estimations indicate that the proposed smart irrigation system is able to reduce roughly 23% of the amount of used water just by considering weather forecasts. The obtained results provide useful guidelines for future smart irrigation developers and show the radio planning tool accuracy, which allows for optimizing the sensor network topology and the overall performance of the network in terms of coverage, cost, and energy consumption.

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A Study of LoRa Coverage: Range Evaluation and Channel Attenuation Model

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Large-Scale Modeling and Analysis of Uplink and Downlink Channels for LoRa Technology in Suburban Environments

Large-Scale Modeling and Analysis of Uplink and Downlink Channels for LoRa Technology in Suburban Environments

An Open Source LoRa Based, Low-Cost IoT Platform for Renewable Energy Generation Unit Monitoring and Supervisory Control

Design, Implementation, and Empirical Validation of an IoT Smart Irrigation System for Fog Computing Applications Based on LoRa and LoRaWAN Sensor Nodes

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