A Study of<i>Eimeria Maxima</i>Tyzzer, 1929, a Coccidium of the Fowl (<i>Gallus Gallus</i>)

Pl, Long

doi:10.1080/00034983.1959.11685930

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…With 60% and 52% mortality following E. necairix inoculation (Trials 1 and 3) and 50% with E. maxima (Trial 2), mortality was considerably higher than expected. These results with E. maxima are in variance with reports of Long (1959) who failed to obtain mortality with this species. Our findings verify the economic importance of all six of these species.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Effects of Six Single Species of Coccidia on Egg Production and Culling Rate of Susceptible Layers

Hegde

Reid

1969

Poultry Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Effects of Six Single Species of Coccidia on Egg Production and Culling Rate of Susceptible Layers

Hegde

Reid

1969

Poultry Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…At 3-4 weeks of age, unsexed, they were housed in isolation in wire-floored cages with free access to food and water. The Houghton strain of E. maxima was used (Long 1959) and maintained in accordance with standard procedures (Long et al 1976).…”

Section: Host and Parasitementioning

confidence: 99%

Avian coccidiosis: changes in intestinal lymphocyte populations associated with the development of immunity to Eimeria maxima

Rothwell

Gramzinski

Rose

et al. 1995

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of infection and subsequent challenge with Eimeria maxima on the populations of lymphocytes in the small intestine of Light Sussex chickens was assessed by immunohistochemistry. T cells were characterized for CD3, CD4, CD8, TCR1 (gamma delta heterodimer) or TCR2 (alpha beta 1 heterodimer) markers, and B cells for the expression of IgM, IgA and IgG. After a primary inoculum there were, in both the epithelium and the lamina propria, two distinct increases in the numbers of T lymphocytes. The first peaked on days 3-5 and the second, greater influx, on day 11 after infection. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were represented in both peaks but, whereas CD4+ cells were found almost exclusively in the lamina propria, CD8+ cells were present in both sites. The area staining positive for CD8+ cells was somewhat greater than the value obtained for CD4+ cells. In the epithelium there was an early, small increase in TCR1(+)-staining, followed by a larger rise to the second peak, at which time there was also an increase in the lamina propria. Staining for TCR2+ cells followed the same pattern with a reversed distribution between epithelium and lamina propria. Changes after challenge were minimal and confined to the epithelium. The most notable changes in the expression of immunoglobulins were, in the lamina propria, a biphasic increase in the amount of IgM(+)-staining in the course of primary infection (corresponding approximately to that of the T cells), and in IgA+ cells shortly after challenge.

show abstract

“…Tyzzer (1929) noted that`Eimeria maxima in a pure line infection tends to die off very quickly on account of the prompt development of immunity by the chicken' . These ® ndings have been con® rmed many times subsequently (for example, Brackett & Bliznick, 1950;Long, 1959), and Rose & Long (1962), who investigated the immunizing ability of different Eimeria species in poultry, were the ® rst to rank E. maxima as the most immunogenic of the avian coccidia, a ® nding later con® rmed by others including Hein (1973), Joyner & Norton (1976) and Long & Millard (1977). Partial immunity to homologous challenge was even achieved by inoculation of only a single sporocyst of E. maxima (Lee & Fernando, 1978).…”

Section: E Maxima: Its Immunogenicity and Immunological Diversitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Petechial lesions often occur (Long, 1973). Haemorrhagic enteritis results in mild to severe diarrhoea and dehydration, and birds may lose body weight between the fourth and sixth day postinfection (for example, Long, 1959;McDonald et al, 1986). The species is generally considered to be of medium pathogenicity (in comparison with E. necatrix and E. tenella) but mortality rates may reach 20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological aspects of infections withEimeria maxima: A short review

Schnitzler¹,

Shirley²

1999

Avian Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eimeria maxima is one of the seven species of protozoan parasites that cause intestinal coccidiosis in chickens. Discovered and ® rst described exactly 70 years ago, the parasite has some unique features that both distinguish it from the other members of the genus and make it of relevance to the world's poultry industry. Of special interest is the balanced immunological relationship that E. maxima achieves with its host. The marked immunogenicity of the parasite results in swift and complete protection to homologous challenge, but is counterbalanced by the ubiquity of antigenically different strains that provide a signi® cantly heterologous challenge and are only poorly controlledÐ essentially two sides of the same coin.In this paper, we will describe some of the features of the biology of E. maxima, with an emphasis on the immunogenicity and antigenic diversity of the parasite, and discuss some of the ways in which these features impinge on attempts to control infection. The review is, of necessity, brief and selective by choice; for more information, the reader is referred to the de® nitive paper on E. maxima by Tyzzer (1929) and to reviews on other aspects of Eimeria spp., including E. maxima, by Rose (1997) and Chapman (1997).

show abstract

A Study ofEimeria MaximaTyzzer, 1929, a Coccidium of the Fowl (Gallus Gallus)

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of Six Single Species of Coccidia on Egg Production and Culling Rate of Susceptible Layers

Effects of Six Single Species of Coccidia on Egg Production and Culling Rate of Susceptible Layers

Avian coccidiosis: changes in intestinal lymphocyte populations associated with the development of immunity to Eimeria maxima

Immunological aspects of infections withEimeria maxima: A short review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About