A Study of Factors Associated with Health Related Behavior in Adult. A Focus on the RelationshipBetween Self-efficacy and Stages ofExercise Behavior Change.

Voluntary training undertaken by stroke patients during the recovery phase and related factors

“…The self-evaluative category comprised self-worth (item 2) and selfsatisfaction (items 8, 9, 12, 15). The efficacy expectation scale was created after reviewing the outcome expectations for exercise scale by Resnick et al [27], the methods by Kitada et al [18] and Oka [19], the psycho-social factor scale of physical exercise behavior by Hashimoto et al [26], and the self-efficacy for health promotion scale by Yokokawa et al [28]. The items on the efficacy expectation scale comprised questions regarding the confidence to perform voluntary training.…”

“…Regarding efficacy expectations, many studies focused on and reported that higher self-efficacy was associated with exercise habits in middle-aged adults and the elderly [18,19], and that elderly individuals with higher self-efficacy tended to extend functional independence by one year [20]. It was also reported that intervention that enhanced efficacy expectations improved exercise behavior [15].…”

Restriction of "going out" due to fear of falling in Chinese community-dwelling elderly.

“…Individuals are described not simply as efficacious or not, but according to the degree of efficacy they have within a specific activity. Previous studies have found the self-efficacy was correlated to ADL-IADL, physical functioning and exercise behavior (Kitada et al, 1997;Cumming et al 2000). On the hypothesis that decreased self-efficacy might lead the elderly to being afraid of falling and restriction of ac tivities, we firstly used the self-efficacy scale to investigate if the self-efficacy is indepen dently associated with "restrict going out for fear of falling".…”