A Study of Eye-Contact Changes in Depressed and Recovered Psychiatric Patients

Hinchliffe, Mary K.; Lancashire, M; Roberts, F. J.

doi:10.1192/bjp.119.549.213

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The ability to jointly attend to or request an object is fundamental to social communication and provides the basis for affective sharing and intersubjectivity (Mundy, Kasari, & Sigman, 1992). Differences in eyecontact have been reported in other psychopathologies often comorbid with AN, including social anxiety disorder, where eye-tracking data show individuals avoid looking at the eyes (Weeks, Howell, & Goldin, 2013) and reductions in eye-contact are well documented in the clinical assessment of Major Depressive Disorder (Hinchliffe, Lancashire, & Roberts, 1971). In AN, one qualitative study found adolescents (n = 17) with AN report finding both giving and receiving eyecontact uncomfortable (Patel, Tchanturia, & Harrison, 2016) and one small study found that, independent of the observed body weight of actors in static images, 11 women with AN demonstrated significantly reduced gaze toward the face and eyes than 11 non-AN controls (Watson, Werling, Zucker, & Platt, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

An experimental investigation into the use of eye‐contact in social interactions in women in the acute and recovered stages of anorexia nervosa

Harrison

Watterson

Bennett

2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: People with anorexia nervosa (AN) report significant difficulties in social functioning and a growing literature is beginning to explain some of the differences in social skills that might underlie the social challenges experienced by patients. One vital area of social functioning that has been largely neglected to date is how eye-contact is used in the context of social stimuli and in social situations.Methods: This cross-sectional, experimental study used eye-tracking to measure the frequency and duration of eye-contact made with the eye region of interest (ROI) of (1) static social stimuli (man and woman Ekman faces displaying basic emotions); (2) moving social stimuli (a video of two actors conversing); and (3) during a real-life social interaction in 75 women (25 with AN, 25 recovered from AN, and 25 non-AN controls; mean age = 27.18, SD = 6.19).Results: Participants showed greater eye-contact during a real-life social interaction than when viewing static social stimuli. Those with AN made contact with the eye ROI of the static and moving social stimuli and during a real-life social interaction significantly less often and for significantly less time than non-AN controls. Those recovered from AN showed greater eyecontact than the acute group but significantly less eye-contact with the eye ROI across the static and moving social stimuli and during the real-life social interaction than non-AN controls.Discussion: These findings contribute new knowledge regarding the types of social skills that people with AN may need additional support with to allow them to make greater use of social support in their recovery.

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confidence: 99%

An experimental investigation into the use of eye‐contact in social interactions in women in the acute and recovered stages of anorexia nervosa

Harrison

Watterson

Bennett

2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Personality disorder-specific traits can be accurately perceived in thin slices of nonverbal behavior, and even psychopathology can be accurately perceived in both videos of targets as well as facial photographs (e.g., Fowler et al, 2009;Friedman et al, 2007;Holtzman, 2011). Both depression and anxiety can be accurately perceived in thin slices (see Harrigan et al, 2004;Hinchliffe et al, 1970Hinchliffe et al, , 1971Waxer, 1974Waxer, , 1976Yang et al, 2013). State and trait anxiety, for instance, are both detectable in thin slices, but in different channels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, continuous judgments of the severity of depression predicted scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Depression scale (see also Hinchliffe, Lancashire, & Roberts, 1970). Another study comparing participants who had recovered from depression to those who were still depressed found that those who were still depressed maintained less mutual eye gaze (Hinchliffe, Lancashire, & Roberts, 1971).…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-Slice Judgments in the Clinical Context

Slepian

Bogart

Ambady

2014

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

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Clinicians make a variety of assessments about their clients, from judging personality traits to making diagnoses, and a variety of methods are available to do so, ranging from observations to structured interviews. A large body of work demonstrates that from a brief glimpse of another's nonverbal behavior, a variety of traits and inner states can be accurately perceived. Additionally, from these “thin slices” of behavior, even future outcomes can be predicted with some accuracy. Certain clinical disorders such as Parkinson's disease and facial paralysis disrupt nonverbal behavior and may impair cli-nicians' ability to make accurate judgments. In certain contexts, personality disorders, anxiety, depression, and suicide attempts and outcomes can be detected from others' nonverbal behavior. Additionally, thin slices can predict psychological adjustment to divorce, bereavement, sexual abuse, and well-being throughout life. Thus, for certain traits and disorders, judgments from a thin slice could provide a complementary tool for the clinician's toolbox.

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“…Das Blickniveau wird üblicher-weise in Prozent der Gesamtdauer angegeben. Die wenigen Untersuchungen, die unter Verwendung dieses Maßes an depressiven Patienten durchgeführt wurden (Rutter, Stephenson 1972, Hinchcliffe, Lancashire, Roberts 1973 Beiden Abbildungen ist das für die Gesprächsform »Interview« typische Grundmuster gemeinsam: Der Hauptanteil der Redezeit entfällt auf den Patienten (Interviewten), während der Interviewer nur durch kurze Fragen (Zustand 10) den Gesprächsfluß in Gang hält. Der Sprecherwechsel erfolgt über Pausen und nicht, wie z.…”

Section: Individuelles Blickniveauunclassified