A study of electromechanical switching in ferroelectric single crystals

Comparison of phenomenological and laminate‐based models for rate‐dependent switching in ferroelectric continua

“…The evolution of this determines the remanent strain; dependence of energy storage on its direction results in generally transverse isotropic material behavior. The second model is based on sequential laminate theory (e.g., [21]). In this model, the volume fractions of ferroelectric variants are treated as internal variables.…”

“…, n − 1, for the driving force associated with variant activation. From [21], (Equations 12,13,14), the critical threshold values take the representations…”

“…[1]. Further material parameters for single crystal BaTiO 3 , such as the spontaneous polarization and the coercive electric field, are taken from [21] and summarized in Table 2. The remaining material parameter defining the rate-dependency of the polarization evolution is set to η = 0.1, whereas different values for the parameters m and c will be chosen as this work proceeds.…”

“…Of particular interest in the latter class are so-called laminate-based approaches [2,[20][21][22][23][24]. The purpose of the current work is the comparison of a recent phenomenological model [1] with approaches based on laminates (e.g., sequential laminates: [21]). In the model of [1], the polarization vector is treated as an internal variable.…”

A laminate‐based framework for switching and microstructure evolution in polycrystalline ferroelectrics

“…Laminate-based models based on mixture theory ansatz are considered for describing the non-linear hysteretic response of single crystal ferroelectrics under combined electromechanical loads, see e.g. [1][2][3]. This contribution extends the ratedependent laminate-based model [1], established for single crystal ferroelectrics, in order to predict the polarisation switching of polycrystalline ferroelectric materials, in particular barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ).…”