A study of densified biochar as carbon source in the silicon and ferrosilicon production

Riva, Lorenzo; Surup, Gerrit Ralf; Buø, Therese Videm; Nielsen, Henrik Kofoed

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.013

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The other reason for the higher density of charcoal might be the shrinkage of material during heating related to the graphitization of charcoal [30]. This was in agreement with the findings of Riva et al [31], who densified the pellets using pyrolysis oil as binder. It was observed that the density improved considerably.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It was also mentioned by Kawakami et al [18] that the reactivity of densified biocarbon toward CO 2 is expected to be considerably different than that of raw biocarbon, due to increased density and a lower porosity and surface area. Riva et al [31] also found that with densifying biocarbon pellets using pyrolysis oil, the CO 2 reactivity decreased. However, the CO 2 reactivity of densified charcoals are still 5-7 times higher than that of metallurgical coke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Densification of Biocarbon and Its Effect on CO2 Reactivity

2021

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Charcoal is an interesting reducing agent because it is produced from biomass which is renewable and does not contribute to global warming, provided that there is a balance between the felling of timber and growth of trees. Biocarbon is a promising alternative to fossil reductants for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing sustainability of the metallurgical industry. In comparison to conventional reductants (i.e., petroleum coke, coal and metallurgical coke), charcoal has a low density, low mechanical properties and high CO2 reactivity, which are undesirable in ferroalloy production. Densification is an efficient way to upgrade biocarbon and improve its undesirable properties. In this study, the deposition of carbon from methane on three types of charcoal has been investigated at 1100 °C. CO2 reactivity, porosity and density of untreated and densified charcoal were measured, and results were compared to metallurgical coke. Surface morphology of the charcoal samples was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM confirmed the presence of a deposited carbon layer on the charcoal. It was found that the CO2 reactivity and porosity of charcoals decreased during the densification process, approaching that of fossil fuel reductants. However, the CO2 reactivity kept higher than that of metallurgical coke.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Densification of Biocarbon and Its Effect on CO2 Reactivity

2021

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“…Biochar pellets are produced by compacting residual biochar into homogeneouslysized solid fuel with or without a binder via the application of mechanical force [12,13]. Although the advantages of using biochar pellets in various fields is well documented and the pelletization of biochars that are derived from a wide range of biomass materials has been attempted and investigated in recent times [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], there is limited information on the challenges of the biochar pellet production process as not all materials are suitable for pelletization given the fact that the characteristics of biomass materials vary widely and therefore affect their performance in many conversion processes. The purpose of this review therefore was to contribute to scientific knowledge by describing the benefits and challenges associated with pelleting biochars that are derived from highly recalcitrant biomass materials under carbonization conditions and help identify research priority areas needed to overcome the challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the Benefits and Challenges Associated with Pelletizing Biochar

Mohammadi

2021

Processes

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Biochar can be derived from a wide variety of organic materials including agricultural wastes and residues, animal wastes, municipal solid wastes, pulp and paper mill wastes, and sewage sludge. Its productivity relies on feedstock type and thermochemical conditions of production. Biochar has many application advantages in several fields and has been widely studied in recent years. However, most of these studies are mainly on the powder form of biochar, while its pelleted form is sparsely reported. Even with the reported studies on biochar pellets, there is still lack of knowledge and awareness of the effects of different feedstock on the densification behavior of biochar. The mechanisms of biochar densification, which appear to be sensitive to the conditions predominating during its thermochemical production, are affected by the material from which the biochar is derived. This partly accounts for why biochar pellets have not been widely adopted in various application fields. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the benefits associated with the use of biochar pellets and discusses the challenges encountered when pelleting biochars that are derived from different feedstock under various carbonization conditions. Research priority areas needed to overcome the challenges are also identified and discussed. The purpose is to contribute to better understanding on biochar pelletization behavior, and to offer insights useful to comprehend some basic principles that may occur in the pelleting process and to ease further and more thorough investigations.

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“…This process together was used as the base method for the definition of thermal destruction with detail given in [18]. There are also many other approaches to describe thermodynamic processes and the definition of models for representing the destructive effects on raw materials during blast furnace smelting that are available in the literature [16,[19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Aspects of the Control for the Radial Distribution of Burden Material and Gas Flow in the Blast Furnace

et al. 2020

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The paper presents an experimental study on the formation process of burden surface texture on the blast furnace throat and its influence on the radial distribution of gas flow. The study was performed with the application of blast furnaces equipped with a bell-type charging device using radio-isotope means for the control of burden surface texture (profile) and burden surface level, i.e., gamma locators for burden surface texture. The study was carried out under the conditions of an operating blast furnace in an iron and steel plant using a unique GEOTAPS system for automated control of geometric and temperature parameters of burden material surface on the blast furnace throat. The influence of the surface texture on the gas flow distribution was also investigated. The possibility of a self-stabilization effect for burden surface texture and gas flow in an operating blast furnace under suitable conditions was experimentally proven. As a result of the experimental study performed, four ways of energy-saving technology implementation were determined for the control of blast furnace melting based on the data on the burden surface texture and previously unknown regularities of surface layer formation of burden material on the throat of an operating blast furnace with a bell-type charging device. The main idea of the paper is the development of automated control for the radial distribution of burden material and gas flow using actual or predicted surface texture parameters as important intermediate factors that both describe the process and have a significant simultaneous influence on it.

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A study of densified biochar as carbon source in the silicon and ferrosilicon production

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Densification of Biocarbon and Its Effect on CO2 Reactivity

Densification of Biocarbon and Its Effect on CO2 Reactivity

Overview of the Benefits and Challenges Associated with Pelletizing Biochar

Some Aspects of the Control for the Radial Distribution of Burden Material and Gas Flow in the Blast Furnace

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