A Study of Corynebacterium Eqvi Infection in a Stud of Thoroughbred Horses in Victoria

Wilson, Michael M.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1955.tb05561.x

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The present surveillance study conducted for 7 years revealed several epidemiological aspects of R. equi i n f e c t i o n i n f o a l s i n J a p a n , s o m e o f w h i c h corresponded to epidemiological characteristics previously observed in North America and in Australia [1,3,8,13,22,35,37]. First, the proportion declining in relation to total foal submissions was almost the same every year during the first 5 years, suggesting that R. equi infection continuously breaks out at a certain incidence rate in Hidaka, Japan [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…There are many case reports of R. equi infection in foal s in the li terature, but most of them are independent cases that were described in terms of microbiology, pathology, clinical characteristics of infection and treatment of foals [1,3,4,7,8,14,22,35]. Hutchins et al [13] and Zink et al [37] analyzed 40 necropsy records in Australia and 131 necropsy cases in Canada, respectively, and focused on the pathological and epidemiological aspects of the disease, but little is known about the epidemiological aspects and characteristics of R. equi infection in foals, especially in Japan [10,14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Epidemiological Aspects of Rhodococcus equi Infection in Foals in Japan: A Review of 108 Cases in 1992-1998.

Takaı̈

Higuchi

Matsukura

et al. 2000

JES

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Rhodococcus equi Infection in Foals in Japan: A Review of 108 Cases in 1992-1998.

Takaı̈

Higuchi

Matsukura

et al. 2000

JES

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“…Although not well documented, anecdotal evidence suggests that individual mares may consistently produce foals that are particularly susceptible to infection (180,182). Such susceptibility might be explained by low colostral antibody levels, the functional immaturity of neutrophils in certain foals (99), or a genetically controlled predisposition to infection.…”

Section: Celular Immunity In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the intracellular nature of the organism, cellmediated immunity is assumed to be of major importance in R. equi infections (45,131). Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions have been demonstrated in apparently healthy or experimentally infected horses (45,180,182) and indicate widespread exposure to R. equi. Such hypersensitivity develops with age but does not reflect the extent of environmental contamination (180).…”

Section: Celular Immunity In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen

1991

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Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, in some cases following immunosuppression. The last decade has seen many advances in understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and immunity to infection in foals. The particular susceptibility of the foal is not understood but can be explained in part by a combination of heavy challenge through the respiratory route coinciding with declining maternally derived antibody in the absence of fully competent foal cellular immune mechanisms. R. equi is largely a soil organism but is widespread in the feces of herbivores. Its growth in soil is considerably improved by simple nutrients it obtains from herbivore manure. About one-third of human patients who have developed R. equi infections had contact in some way with herbivores or their manure. Others may have acquired infection from contact with soil or wild bird manure. R. equi is an intracellular parasite, which explains the typical pyogranulomatous nature of R. equi infections, the predisposition to infection in human patients with defective cell-mediated immune mechanisms, and the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs that penetrate phagocytic cells.

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“…The mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity and the reason for the peculiar susceptibility of the young foal are not well understood (1). The small amount of evidence generated from clinical (6,19,24) and experimental studies (10) to date has not definitively proven whether R. equi infection in the foal is characterized by intracellular or extracellular parasitism. Studies of R. equi in laboratory animals have concentrated mainly on pathology and mortality (4)(5)(6)22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of In Vitro Properties of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi with Virulence for Mice

Takaı̈

Michizoe

Matsumura

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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To study the virulence of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi, seven ATCC strains of different serotypes were tested for their LD50 in mice, clearance of the organism from the lungs and spleen following intravenous or intratracheal inoculation, and in vitro interaction with murine peritoneal macrophages. Strains ATCC 33704 and 33705 were virulent for mice and multiplied in the lungs and spleen, resulting in death of the animal in 5 days. The other five strains were avirulent for mice. The number of bacteria in the lungs and spleen of mice given these five strains decreased immediately. Pulmonary clearance of strains ATCC 33703, 33706, and 33707 was significantly more rapid than that of the virulent strains ATCC 33704 and 33705 12 hr after inoculation. Complete clearance of the avirulent strain ATCC 33707 occurred by day 14, while that of virulent ATCC 33704 and 33705 strains occurred by day 30. The virulent strains ATCC 33704 and 33705 were resistant not only to phagocytosis but also to intracellular killing by macrophages. Strains ATCC 33702 and 33706 were rapidly killed by macrophages although they were rather resistant to phagocytosis. Strain ATCC 33703 was easily phagocytized though resistant to killing by macrophages. The most avirulent strains, ATCC 33707 and 6939, were easily phagocytized and rapidly killed by macrophages. These results indicate that virulence appeared to be related to the ability of the organisms to resist clearance from the lungs and spleen and to resist phagocytosis and intracellular killing by macrophages.

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A Study of Corynebacterium Eqvi Infection in a Stud of Thoroughbred Horses in Victoria

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Rhodococcus equi Infection in Foals in Japan: A Review of 108 Cases in 1992-1998.

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Rhodococcus equi Infection in Foals in Japan: A Review of 108 Cases in 1992-1998.

Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen

Correlation of In Vitro Properties of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi with Virulence for Mice

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