A study of competition between seedlings of gorse (<i>Ulex europaeus</i> L.) and perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) by means of a replacement series experiment

Ivens, G. W.; Mlowe, F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1980.tb00066.x

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Over-sowing recently cleared landscapes has also been suggested to reduce germination and success of gorse seedlings. Growth suppression has been demonstrated when accompanied by ryegrass in vitro [31] and when competing with white clover [32]. A 96% reduction in seedling dry weight (without a commensurate decrease in seedling survival) was also observed in Tasmanian (Australia) field conditions [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Broadfield

McHenry

2019

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gorse (Ulex europeus L.) is a woody legume and invasive woody weed that has been introduced to temperate pastoral landscapes worldwide. Despite the apparent cosmopolitan distribution of gorse across much of the temperate agroecological landscapes of the world, research and practice pertaining to the management of gorse has been largely constrained to single-treatments, regions, or timeframes. Gorse eradication has been widely attempted, with limited success. Using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) method and a quasi-metanalytical approach, we reviewed the seminal ~299 papers pertaining to gorse management. We identified (i) the ecological characteristics of the species that predispose gorse to behaving invasively, and (ii) the success of management actions (from a plant ecological life history perspective) in reducing weed vigour and impact. A broad ecological niche, high reproductive output, propagule persistence, and low vulnerability to pests allow for rapid landscape exploitation by gorse throughout much the world. Additionally, there are differences in flowering duration and season in the northern and southern hemisphere that make gorse particularly pernicious in the latter, as gorse flowers twice per year. The implications of these life history stages and resistance to environmental sieves after establishment are that activity and efficacy of control is more likely to be favourable in juvenile stages. Common approaches to gorse control, including herbicides, biological controls, and fire have not been ubiquitously successful, and may in fact target the very site resources—sward cover, soil stability, hydrological balance—that, when degraded, facilitate gorse invasion. Ongoing seedling regeneration presents difficulties if eradication is a goal, but facilitated competition may reduce costs via natural suppression. Mechanical methods of gorse removal, though highly successful, induce chronic soil erosion and land degradation and should hence be used sparingly.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Broadfield

McHenry

2019

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies consistently show that gorse seedlings survive poorly in competition with pasture grasses ( Thompson 1974;Ivens 1979;Ivens & Mlowe 1980). Ivens (1978) found that 350 seedlings m -2 emerged over 16 months in plots initially cleared of vegetation, but mortality over that period was 41% and this increased as competing vegetation invaded the site.…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather than creating microsites for further germination, trampling by grazing stock can result in additional seedling mortality (Hartley et al . 1980; Ivens & Mlowe 1980). Ivens (1982) found the maximum density of gorse seedling (618 m −2 ) occurred in plots that were burnt, sown with grasses and grazed, but after 20 months only 6% of these seedlings remained.…”

Section: Biology Of Gorsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probability a site became suitable for gorse colonization after senescence, p so , was set at zero. We did this for three reasons: (i) in undisturbed habitats gorse is often excluded after 30 years (Druce 1957; Lee, Allen & Johnson 1986; Wilson 1994); (ii) few seedlings are recorded under gorse canopies (Ivens 1982; Lee, Allen & Johnson 1986); and (iii) gorse seedlings have low survival when in competition with pasture grasses (Thompson 1974; Ivens 1979; Ivens & Mlowe 1980). The probability a seedling survives to the end of the first year is highly variable and so two values were used, s = 0·5 and s = 0·01.…”

Section: Biology Of Gorsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Large−scale disturbances, biological control and the dynamics of gorse populations

Rees

Hill

2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1.Simulation and analytical models were developed for gorse Ulex europaeus . The simulation model incorporated spatially local density-dependent competition, disturbance, asymmetric competition between seedlings and established plants, a seed bank, local seed dispersal, an age structured established plant population, and temporal variation in the probability of disturbance. The analytical models were simple approximations of the simulation. 2. The models extended our previously published model for Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius to include large-scale disturbances and possible management options, such as the use of fire, herbicides and oversowing with perennial grasses. Fire was assumed to influence established plant mortality, seed survival in the seed bank, and the probability of germination. 3. We reviewed published data on the demography of gorse in New Zealand, the current management techniques, and the ongoing biological control programme. 4. Over a wide range of biologically reasonable parameter values, the analytical models accurately predicted the outcome of the simulations. The analytical models worked well, providing gorse occupied a high proportion of the available sites and large-scale disturbances did not occur too frequently. 5. The potential impact of seed-feeding biological control agents on gorse abundance was assessed, using the models, for several environmental and management scenarios. In particular, we explored how large-scale disturbance, such as fire and herbicide application, influences the outcome of biological control. 6. The success of a biological control programme was found to depend critically on the frequency and intensity of disturbance, whether disturbed sites became suitable for recruitment, and the effects of disturbance on germination and seed mortality. 7. The models highlight the need to manage recruitment opportunities carefully in order to maximize the effect of biological control agents. The models also indicate that details of plant population biology can have a profound effect on the success of any management strategy.

show abstract

“…In either a forestry or rangeland context, a vigorous crop can effectively reduce gorse establishment. For example, Ivens and Mlowe (1980) found that Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) could compete effectively, particularly if it was planted relatively quickly after clearing of gorse.…”

Section: Responses To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L.

Clements¹,

Peterson²,

Prasad³

2001

Can. J. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

R. 2001. The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 325-337. Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a leguminous shrub native to western Europe and North Africa. During the past century it has greatly expanded its adventive range in Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Europe, and along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. In Canada, it is found in British Columbia (Vancouver, Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands and Queen Charlotte Islands) where it is classed as a noxious weed. Gorse is also found from Virginia to Massachusetts on the east coast of North America. The shrub rapidly invades dry and disturbed areas, forming dense thickets that can suppress and inhibit native vegetation, including economically important conifer seedlings. It can occupy the same habitats as Scotch broom [Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link] but usually occurs on drier sites. Both of these legumes threaten native plant communities but U. europaeus persists longer and possesses conspicuous spines. Invasive characteristics of gorse include its evergreen habit, prolific seed production, longevity of seeds in the soil and nitrogen fixation. Human activities such as agriculture and construction of logging roads have accelerated the spread of gorse in British Columbia, but there is still an historic opportunity to restrict the population expansion that this species has exhibited in many other countries. Various methods of control (chemical, manual, biological and integrated) are evaluated. , mais il préfère habituellement des endroits plus secs. Ces deux légumineuses menacent les peuplements d'espèces indigènes, quoique la première persiste plus longtemps et présente des épines très évidentes. Parmi les caractéristiques qui font de l'ajonc d'Europe une plante envahissante, mentionnons un port semblable à celui des conifères, une production abondante de semences, la longévité des graines dans le sol et la capacité de fixer l'azote. Les activités humaines comme l'agriculture et la construction de chemins d'exploitation ont accéléré la propagation de l'ajonc d'Europe en Colombie-Britannique, mais on pourrait encore freiner son expansion, ce qui n'est plus le cas dans d'autres pays. Suit une évaluation de diverses méthodes de lutte (chimique, manuelle, biologique et intégrée).

show abstract

A study of competition between seedlings of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by means of a replacement series experiment

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Large−scale disturbances, biological control and the dynamics of gorse populations

The biology of Canadian weeds. 112. Ulex europaeus L.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About