A study of changes to specific absorption rates in the human eye close to perfectly conducting spectacles within the radio frequency range 1.5 to 3.0 GHz

Whittow, William G.; Edwards, R.M.; Cook, G.G.

doi:10.1049/cp:20030073

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Meanwhile, several recent reports have evaluated antenna SARs radiating inward/toward parts of the human body. They include SAR changes in the human eye [20][21][22], in a fetus in a pregnant woman [23], and in body tissues [24][25][26][27]. This paper has two concrete goals as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Evaluation of Textile Antennas

Soh

Vandenbosch

Wee

et al. 2015

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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This paper presents a detailed and systematic investigation of the reproducibility of specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements using textile antennas and their simulation accuracy. The ability to accurately predict the SAR is very important for practical textile antenna designers since certified SAR measurements are costly. To that goal, the SAR values of a range of textile antennas operating in various bands of the IEEE 802.15.6 and 802.11 standards are evaluated. The selected textile antenna topologies for the evaluation differ in terms of the bandwidth behavior (broadband, dual band, and ultrawideband). They are chosen to be distinct, have been fabricated using an array of conductive textiles, and are benchmarked against similar structures made from a flexible conductor. SAR values are evaluated at three different frequencies, i.e., 2.45, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz, respectively, using a commercial electromagnetic solver and a certified experimental setup. Factors affecting the SAR behavior are presented and discussed. Results indicate that antennas without a rear ground plane are producing almost three times the SAR of textile antennas that feature a full ground plane. The results of this paper point out that the repeatability of the measurements is about 10Q and that the agreement between simulations and measurements is on the order of about 17Q.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Evaluation of Textile Antennas

Soh

Vandenbosch

Wee

et al. 2015

IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.

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“…The study of changes in SAR in human eyes due to the impact of spectacles was conducted by Whittow and also estimated in YEE cell with spectacle shapes of elliptical and squares. Keshvari et al analyzed the tissues in the eye and has considered the curvature analysis of eye shape and the work also suggested to estimate eyes model based on 5 grams rather than 10‐gram computation.…”

Section: Exposure Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Priyadarshini

Hemanth

2017

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is an inevitable parameter to be considered for various RF dosimetry evaluations in the field of biomedical engineering. There is a much concern in exposure studies as they have a significant impact on the social and health issues in the recent global community. SAR measures the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of RF from devices in an exposure area. The significance of SAR parameter has been awakened in broad areas of technology and even considered in the design of radiating structures from biomedical devices such as MRI to also popular mobile phones. Researchers have explicated the constant interaction of electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. The advancements in technology pose a grave concern about the impact on human health. This paper intends to undertake an extensive survey of the various current investigations done with SAR in different scenarios with possible radiating structures and also focus on exposure areas on the human body. The SAR depends on estimation parameters that are analyzed and discussed. Further, the paper will analyze comparatively the facets of implied Methodologies in SAR computation. The parametric evaluation of SAR paves the way for a requirement reduction of SAR parameter. The paper discusses current reduction methodologies and its primary advantages and details possible setbacks. The analysis indicates a requirement of the specific radiation structure for a particular area of exposure of concern, followed by a need of ideal reduction methodology.

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“…Numerous reports have attempted to address the question of the electromagnetic energy absorption in human eyes using computational methods (Hirata, 2005;Moneda, 2003;Lin, 2003;Whittow, 2004). Although the majority of the studies conducted on the eye exposure to electromagnetic fields, both experimentally and theoretically, were concerned with irradiation of models of the normal human eye, the visual disorder effects of the human eye on the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution has not particularly been addressed yet (Akram, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic energy absorption patterns in subjects with common visual disorders

Gasmelseed

2011

Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine

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This article describes the analysis of electromagnetic energy absorption properties of models of the human eye with common visual disorders. The investigation addresses two types of visual disorders, namely hyperopia (or farsightedness) and myopia (or nearsightedness). Calculations were carried out using plane multilayered method with common wireless communication frequencies of 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz. The effect of wireless radiation on the eye is studied by calculation of the specific absorption rate (SAR) in three different eye models. The results of the simulations confirmed the anticipated and more complex relationship between absorption and structural variations of the eye at these frequencies.

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A study of changes to specific absorption rates in the human eye close to perfectly conducting spectacles within the radio frequency range 1.5 to 3.0 GHz

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Evaluation of Textile Antennas

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Evaluation of Textile Antennas

Investigation and reduction methods of specific absorption rate for biomedical applications: A survey

Electromagnetic energy absorption patterns in subjects with common visual disorders

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