A study of cardiovascular manifestations of thyroid disorders

Abstract

Background: Dysfunction and anatomic abnormalities of the thyroid gland are among the most common diseases of the endocrine glands. The study has been undertaken with the aim to assess the different cardiovascular manifestations in patients of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in Manipur and find out any correlation of it with age, sex, type of thyroid disorder and BMI. Materials and Method: The study was a cross sectional study of patients who were diagnosed as hypothyroid or hyperthyroid in the Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences(RIMS), Imphal, Manipur. Clinical parameters including history and clinical examination were recorded including thyroid function testing, ECG, chest X-ray, trans-thoracic echocardiography. Results: Among 59 patients of thyroid disorder studied, 38 patients were found to be hypothyroid and 21 patients hyperthyroid. The average BMI in hypothyroid patient was 27.25. The average BMI in hyperthyroid patients was 25.41 which were lower than hypothyroid. Diastolic hypertension was found in 44.7% of hypothyroid patients. Sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia were the most common ECG findings in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients respectively. 15.8% had cardiomegaly on chest x-ray in hypothyroid patients while 9.5% had cardiomegaly in hyperthyroid patients. On echocardiographic evaluation, 13.1% and 9.5% had pericardial effusion in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups respectively.