A study of Aspergillus niger- hydrolyzed cassava peel meal as a carbohydrate source on the histology of broiler chickens

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of hydrolysed cassava peel inclusion as a replacement for maize in broiler chicken feedstuff on the histology of the internal organs of broiler chickens. Thirty six, two weeks old unsexed broiler chickens were used for the study in a feeding trial of forty two days. The chickens were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments A - F using a completely randomized design. Each treatment group contained two replicates of three broiler chickens. Group A chickens (A1 and A2) were fed with the control diet (0% hydrolyzed cassava peel as main carbon source). Groups B-E (in replicates 1 and 2) were administered with experimental diets containing 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of hydrolyzed cassava peels respectively replacing maize while group F (F1 and F2) were fed with diet containing 100% unhydrolyzed cassava peels replacing maize as the main carbon source. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum for the six weeks feeding trials period. Vaccine and drugs were administered as at when due. At the end of the third week, two replicate per group were fasted for twelve hours and slaughtered. Samples of liver, kidney and heart were collected and tissue samples were taken for histological examinations. All the chickens in group F that fed on unhydrolyzed cassava peel recorded 100% mortality within the first six days of the feeding trials while those in groups A to E recorded 0% mortality. Histology of the kidney, heart and liver showed increasing mark of coagulative necrosis, degeneration of the hepatocytes and vacuolations due to the shrinking of the hepatocellular and cardiac tissues as the cassava inclusion level increases in feed. It is concluded that birds can be fed with maize replaced with up to 50% hydrolyzed cassava peel in chicken feeds without serious deleterious effects and that the wastes have useful products in animal nutrition. Also, the replacement added economic in chicken production. The hydrolysis has led to a reduction in the potency of cyanide in the peel thereby making it a safe and possible candidate in the production of chicken feeds.

The Effects of Bacillus Subtilis Cellulase Enzyme on the Decreasing of Crude Fiber of Cassava Peels for Fish Food Ingredients

“…Penelitian tentang upaya penurunan serat kasar bahan baku pakan sudah banyak dilakukan antara lain melalui proses kimia (Abiola, Amalime, and Akadiri 2002;El Deek et al 2009;Sudiyani et al 2010) dan fermentasi menggunakan mikroba selulolitik (Song et al 2013;Adeyemo et al 2014;Sharawy, Goda, and Hassaan 2016). Proses kimia mempunyai kekurangan diantaranya biaya yang dikeluarkan cukup mahal dan tidak ramah lingkungan sedangkan fermentasi menggunakan mikroba menyebabkan banyak kehilangan bahan kering (biomass) dan munculnya efek samping yang ditimbulkan dari dinding sel mikroba itu sendiri yang tersusun atas polisakarida (peptidoglikan, glukan, dan/atau kitin).…”

“…Penelitian tentang pemanfaatan enzim selulase sudah mulai banyak dilaporkan (Stokes and Chen 1994;Beauchemin, Rode, and Sewaltl 1995;Cowan 1996;Hidayat et al 2005;Adeyemo et al 2014), tetapi masih sedikit informasi tentang pemanfaatan enzim selulase yang berasal dari B. subtilis untuk menurunkan serat kasar KUK. Hasil penelitian Melati et al (2014) (Miller, 1959), dan protein terlarut menggunakan metode UV-Vis (Stoscheck, 1990 Penambahan enzim selulase (25% dan 50%) memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap penurunan kadar NDF dibandingkan kontrol (P<0,05), tetapi peningkatan dosis enzim selulase (dari 25% ke 50%) tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan kadar NDF (P>0,05).…”

Improving Cassava Quality for Poultry Feeding Through Application of Biotechnology

“…However, A. niger possesses the ability to produce fibredegrading enzymes (hemicellulases, hydrolases, pectinases), proteases, amylases, lipases and hydrolysed tannins as well as agents that can hydrolyse tannins [63]. A study was conducted Cassava 248 where A. niger was used to improve the nutritional quality of cassava peel meal in order to use it as a carbohydrate source for broiler chickens [64]. The findings showed that hydrolyzing cassava peal meal with A. niger reduced the influence of cyanide in the peel.…”

Peel meals as feed ingredients in poultry diets: Chemical composition, dietary recommendations and prospects

“…Adeyemo et al. () observed that hydrolyzed cassava peel meal and with soya bean oil addition could replace maize without adverse effects on broiler finisher. Feeding cassava peel meal at 150 g (Babatunde, ; Onyimonyi & Ugwu, ) and 225 g/kg diet (Tewe & Egbunike, ) had no adverse effect on broiler performance.…”

“…Cassava peel is high in fibre ranging from 140 to 340 g/kg (Adesehinwa et al, 2011;Aro et al, 2010;Kortei, Dzogbefia, & Obodai, 2014) with the fibre being mainly in the form of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP; Fakolade, 1997;Uthumporn, Nadiah, Izzuddin, Cheng, & Aida, 2017) which reduces its digestibility by poultry. Soluble sugar and crude fat contents of 680-700 g/kg and 3-20 g/kg, respectively, have been reported in cassava peel (Adeyemo, Sani, Aderibigbe, Abdurrasheed, & Agbolade, 2014;Kortei et al, 2014). The low-fat and high fibre contents contribute to the lower energy in cassava peel meal.…”