A Study of Anomalies of Left Renal Vein

Abstract

The left renal vein is preferred over the right in renal transplantation because of its longer length. It is important for the surgeons to know the course of the left renal vein and whether it is pre-aortic or not to avoid unexpected hemorrhage and even death. There are considerable no of radiological studies on Retro aortic Left Renal Vein but anatomical studies other than the Japanese were not found in the literature. In view of its anatomical, embryological, clinical and surgical importance the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods : The present study was conducted in 60 adult cadavers (10 female and 50 male) allotted to 1 st M.B.B.S and M.D P.G students at Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences & research foundation Gannavaram & N.R.I. Academy of Medical Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India for routine dissection over a period of 5 consecutive years (2010-2015). Results: Left Renal Vein anomalies can be classified into 4 types in the literature.Type1 is the most common in its occurrence followed by type 3,2and 4.Type 4 was rarely reported .In the present study the percentage of incidence of type 1, type 2 and type3 are 6.6%,1.6%,3.3% respectively and type 4 was not observed. Conclusion: Knowing the variable expressions of the renal venous system allows better understanding of the clinical events. Pre operative CT can be considered mandatory as it helps in safe surgical outcome particularly in the retro peritoneal area.

Proximal Splenorenal Shunt in a Rare Renal Vein Anomaly: A Case Report

“…Renal vein anomalies have been reported in the literature [2-7]. A thorough knowledge of the different anomalies is important as these anomalies may make it technically difficult or may preclude performance of splenorenal shunts.…”

“…Modification of surgical technique is required in such cases for an effective portal decompression without causing renal venous hypertension. The most common anomalies associated with LRV include circum-aortic double renal vein, retro aortic renal vein and late joining of the LRV tributaries [2]. Anomalous renal veins in general are more common on right side (38% cases) [3], while circum-aortic and retro-aortic renal veins are more common on left side.…”

“…Left renal vein (LRV) has been considered as the most suitable vein for shunt because of its close proximity and greater length which helps in obtaining a tension-free anastomosis. Anatomical anomalies in LRV, which can pose technical difficulty during shunt procedure, have been reported in up to 10% of cases [2]. We report a rare anomaly of LRV which precluded performance of standard end-to-side PSRS.…”

Renal Hilum Study for Anomalous Vasculature

“…Left renal vein is longer than right one because inferior vena cava is placed more on the right side of the body [2]. For this reason the left kidney is the preferred side for live donor nephrectomy [3].…”

“…Additional renal veins may be found infrequently on the right side (5%) [6]. Several variations such as double renal veins, triple renal veins, renal collar, retro aortic renal veins have been reported [1,3,7].…”