A study of Acinetobacter infections in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India

Abstract

Background: Acinetobacter is an important opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of hospital acquired infections. Acinetobacter infections are often extremely difficult to treat because of their widespread resistance to the major groups of antibiotics. The study was conducted to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical samples.Methods: Clinical specimens over a period of 2yrs from May 2015 to April 2017 were collected from the patients attending the hospital. Acinetobacter species isolates were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility test was done following standard operative procedures.Results: From 9979 clinical specimens, 3715 were positive for significant bacterial growth of which 111 (2.9%) were culture positive for Acinetobacter spp. Among 111 isolates 109 (98.2%) isolates were Acinetobacter baumanni and 2 (1.8%) were Acinetobacter lwoffii. Maximum isolates were isolated from urine samples 36 (32.4%) and majority of the isolates were from wards (56.7%) giving a probability of increased hospital acquired infections. Maximum resistance was shown by cefipime (80.1%). Imipenem and Meropenem shows resistance of 25.3% and 29.7% respectively. ICU isolates showed extensive resistance in comparison to wards and OPD.Conclusions: Increasing trend of resistance pattern to a large range of antibiotics is a matter of concern. To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously, and empirical therapy should be determined for each hospital according to the resistance rates of the hospital. Infection with MDR Acinetobacter species is independently associated with high mortality, emphasizing the need for aggressive infection control strategies.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Acinetobacterin a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai, India

“…Resistance towards carbapenems like imipenem, meropenem was recorded to be 48(39.3%) and 42(34.4%), respectively. A lower resistance to imipenem (25.3%) and meropenem (29.7%) was reported by Saha et al [11].…”

“…Ampicillin showed maximum resistance and for piperacillintazobactam 56(45.9%). Slightly higher value of resistance for piperacillin-tazobactam 50.5% has been reported by Saha et al [11] Aminoglycosides resistance was observed with 64(52.5%) isolates resistant to gentamicin while Acinetobacter showed more sensitivity to amikacin 107(87.8%). Most studies [7,11] have shown similar high sensitivity(75%-85%) to amikacin and therefore it is considered as one of the drugs of choice in combination with others for treating Acinetobacterspp [27].…”

“…This was not the case with most studies that reported a slight male preponderance [7][8][9]. Saha et al and Sivaranjaniet al [11,12] have reported slight predominance of female patients over male. One reason for was predominance of female in our study was the high number of female in-patients in obstetrics wards, which accounted for 20% of the isolates.…”

“…This is the similar finding of 62.1% reported by Saha S etal. [11] in 2018. While the study in USA and Puerto Rico [17] reported MDR in 54% of its Acinetobacter isolates in 2012.…”

Biofilm Formation and its Correlation with Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

“…However, our results are consistent with a recently published study [32] in which antibiotic resistance was greater among biofilm producer K. pneumoniae than non-biofilm producers. Moreover, Saha et al [44] demonstrated that all the biofilmproducing isolates presented more resistance patterns in comparison to non-biofilm producers.…”