A Study of 28 GHz, Planar, Multilayered, Electrically Small, Broadside Radiating, Huygens Source Antennas

Abstract

Two 28 GHz, planar, electrically small Huygens source antennas are presented that are broadside radiating and are based on multi-layer PCB technology. The designs seamlessly integrate electric Egyptian axe dipole (EAD) and magnetic capacitively loaded loop (CLL) near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) elements with a coax-fed dipole radiator. Both linearly polarized (LP) and circularly polarized (CP) systems are demonstrated. The simulations of the LP system indicate that it is electrically small: ka = 0.961; has peak realized gains and front-to-back ratios (FTBRs) in the range from, respectively, 3.77 to 4.54 dBi and 7.16 to 33.92 dB; and radiation efficiencies higher than 81.14% over its entire 2.14%, -10-dB fractional impedance bandwidth (FBW -10dB ). A prototype was fabricated and tested; the measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The CP system exhibits similar properties: ka = 0.942; 1.41% FBW -10dB with a 0.47% 3-dB axial ratio (AR) fractional bandwidth; and peak realized gain, FTBR, and radiation efficiency values equal to 2.03 dBi, 26.72 dB, and 73.4%, respectively. To confirm their efficacy for on-body applications, the specific absorption rate (SAR) values of both the LP and CP Huygens source antennas were evaluated and found to be very low. Index Terms-Broadside radiation, directivity, electrically small antennas, Huygens source antenna, near-field resonant parasitic element, planar antennasManuscript

28 GHz Compact Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna for Device-to-Device Communications in the Future 5G Systems

“…Electrically small Huygens dipole systems based on orthogonal electric and magnetic near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) elements have been reported [32]- [35]. Recently, millimeter-wave CP versions of both the ME [28] and Huygens [29] dipole antennas have been reported for 5G applications. Our experience with these NFRP Huygens dipole antenna designs paved the way for the OCP antenna design illustrated in Fig.…”

Efficient and Compact Near-Field Coupled Hybrid Antenna Using a Single Radiating Subwavelength Split-Ring Resonator

“…Comparison between characteristic parameters of our electrically small antenna with most recent work of other groups. In the cases, where the characteristic parameters were not readily denoted in references [13][14][15]18,19,21,22], they were indirectly calculated based on the data in the aforementioned references.…”

“…In this context, metamaterial inspired antenna designs have gained large interest in recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Electrically small antennas (ESAs) moved into the focus of ongoing research [10][11][12][13][14][15], especially those exploiting split-ring resonators (SRRs) [12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…The SRR resonantly emits radiation at its resonance frequency of f SRR = 10.41 GHz while the electric dipole has a design frequency of f d ≈ 25 GHz. Unlike previously reported antenna designs, which partially consist of sophisticated 3-D or multi-layer structures [12,13,[16][17][18][19][20][21], our composite antenna is built from a simple planar stack of just two circuit boards and thus can be manufactured by standard processes. Furthermore, our approach only involves a single subwavelength element as radiator, which enables us to efficiently implement electrically small antennas with a directed radiation pattern.…”

Metamaterial-inspired Electrically Small Platforms: Enhanced Directivity Properties

“…These include the use of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures as structured ground planes [2], [3] and compact arrays [4]. Combinations of electric and magnetic multipole NFRP elements have led to ES Huygens dipole [5]- [11] and multipole systems [13]. Additional augmentations have produced efficient, broad-bandwidth, high directivity NFRP ESAs [14].…”