A study into the distribution of gunshot residue particles in the random population

Lucas, Nick; Brown, Hayley; Cook, Michael; Redman, Kahlee; Condon, Tanith; Wrobel, Harald; Kirkbride, K. Paul; Kobus, Hilton

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.050

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Of 100 samples collected from individuals of varying occupations, only a single spherical PbBaSb particle was found on one individual. Lucas et al similarly observed characteristic PbBaSb particles in only 0.3% of samples collected randomly from volunteers in two Australian jurisdictions and PbSb particles in 8%. The probability of finding one or two 3‐component particles on clothing by chance may be as small as 0.02% .…”

Section: Transfermentioning

confidence: 95%

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Blakey

Sharples

Chana

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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A review of the literature concerning the fate and behavior of gunshot residue (GSR) is presented. A number of concomitant parameters including firearm and ammunition type, plume and GSR material characteristics, travel distances, chemical composition and GSR morphology are critically discussed in relation to their effects on the distribution and deposition, transfer and persistence processes of GSR. The underlying mechanisms associated with such processes are also considered. Knowledge of these processes on GSR materials could provide valuable information concerning scene preservation and subsequent forensic sampling. The number of GSR particles deposited can vary significantly with each firearm discharge, highlighting the potential to produce distinctive data in each individual case. With the continual development and compositional changes of new ammunition types, further evaluation of the effect these processes may have on GSR evidence and their possible influence on the interpretation of the analytical results should be given due consideration.

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Section: Transfermentioning

confidence: 95%

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Blakey

Sharples

Chana

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Using the Scopus search and the keyword results, the keyword "background" only appears once in the keyword list, in the review by Maitre et al [36]. There are a few more studies investigating the background frequency of GSR [39][40][41]. The keyword "frequency of occurrence" is also listed three times, once by Hannigan et al [42] and twice by Brozek-Mucha et al [43,44], whose studies involved surveying participants immediately after discharging a weapon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing Research Trends—A Scientometric Approach Using Gunshot Residue (GSR) Literature as an Example

et al. 2020

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The ability to manage, distil and disseminate the significant amount of information that is available from published literature is fast becoming a core and critical skill across all research domains, including that of forensic science. In this study, a simplified scientometric approach has been applied to available literature on gunshot residue (GSR) as a test evidence type aiming to evaluate publication trends and explore the interconnectivity between authors. A total of 731 publications were retrieved using the search engine ‘Scopus’ and come from 1589 known authors, of whom 401 contributed to more than one research output on this subject. Out of the total number of publications, only 35 (4.8%) were found to be Open Access (OA). The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for years 2006 and 2016 reveals a much higher growth in publications relating to GSR (8.0%) than the benchmark annual growth rate of 3.9%. The distribution of a broad spectrum of keywords generated from the publications confirms a historical trend, in particular regarding the use of analytical techniques, in the study of gunshot residue. The results inform how relevant information extracted from a bibliometric search can be used to explore, analyse and define new research areas.

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“…explosive [33][34][35] and gunshot residues (GSR) [36][37][38][39][40][41], and soil [42][43][44][45][46], as well as other less commonly encountered traces including glitter [47], fragrances [48][49][50], lipsticks [51], petrol [52], and polyurethane foam [53]. While valuable, such research tends to be very material-dependent, introducing specific parameters and interpretations that may have actually impeded the recognition of underlying foundational factors that could apply to most material types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fresh scientific look at transfer and persistence: From a materials science and tribology perspective

Aberle

Kobus

Robertson

et al. 2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Knowledge of the mechanisms governing transfer, persistence, and recovery of trace evidence, together with background prevalence in the population of interest, and other task relevant information, is key for the forensic interpretation and reconstruction of what happened at the activity level. Up to now, this informational “toolkit” has largely been developed through empirical forensic studies on specific trace materials such as glass, textile fibers, and soil. Combined with the identified systemic siloing between disciplines, while valuable, such research tends to be very material‐dependent, introducing specific parameters and interpretations that may have actually impeded the recognition of underlying foundational factors applicable to most material types. In Australia, there has been a renewed interest in developing a discipline‐independent framework for the interpretation and/or reconstruction of trace evidence to interpret specific circumstances in casework. In this paper, we present a discipline agnostic “way of thinking” that has been anchored in foundational science underpinning the trace evidence discipline. Physical and mechanical material properties such as material geometry and surface topography, strength, stiffness, and hardness collectively influence contact interactions through underlying friction, wear, and lubrication cause and effect mechanisms. We discuss how these fundamental factors and parameters stemming from materials science and tribology may be adopted and adapted by forensic practitioners and researchers to contribute to a better understanding of transfer, persistence, and recovery mechanisms irrespective of evidence discipline and material type. Examples are provided to demonstrate the practical significance to real‐life casework and academic research.

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A study into the distribution of gunshot residue particles in the random population

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Reviewing Research Trends—A Scientometric Approach Using Gunshot Residue (GSR) Literature as an Example

A fresh scientific look at transfer and persistence: From a materials science and tribology perspective

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