A study in transsexualism

Greenberg, Nahman H.; Rosenwald, Alan K.; Nielson, Paul E.

doi:10.1007/bf01562104

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…He named this non-psychopathic sexual disorder "transsexualism. '"2 Benjamin's (1954Benjamin's ( , 1966Benjamin's ( , 1967Benjamin's ( , 1971) discussions of diagnosis, etiology, and treatment provoked hostile reactions from psychoanalysts (Greenberg et al, 1960;Gutheil, 1954;Lukianowicz, 1959;Northrup, 1959;Ostow, 1953) who charged that it is one thing to remove diseased tissue and quite another to amputate healthy organs because emotionally disturbed patients request it. An influential report in the Journal of the American Medical Association rejected the distinction between transsexualism on the one hand and transvestism and homosexuality on the other, and argued strongly against sex-change surgery:…”

Section: The Search For the True Transsexual Naming The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Socio-Medical Construction of Transsexualism: An Interpretation and Critique

1982

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Section: The Search For the True Transsexual Naming The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Socio-Medical Construction of Transsexualism: An Interpretation and Critique

1982

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“…Transvestism and transsexualism were understood as psychiatric disorders [74,75,83,84]. It was considered that the transvestite had the desire to play the role of the opposite sex and be accepted by society as part of the group.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussion Of The First Subperiodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, historical evolution allows for an understanding of paradigm shifts related to transgender issues. In the first subperiod described , the terms used -transvestism and transsexualism -had a connotation of disease and were conditions understood as psychiatric disorders [74,75,83,84]. The next subperiod (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000), brought an evolution in relation to the theme, which came to be referred to as "transgender disorder", with the publication of the DSM-IV, which, however, still implied a connotation of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first studies on the subject date back to 1954. However, those studies [73,74,75] cite researches from 1925, such as the book by Magnus Hirschfel, in which the term transvestism was used for the first time, and Caudwell in 1949, who used the term transsexual for the first time [76]. In this subperiod, the main clusters refer to sex ratio and sex reassignment, with studies that analyze the performance of surgery [77,78], discuss cases of transsexualism [79,80], such as Christine Jorgensen, in 1950, who was the first to gain notoriety and raise discussions about gender roles [81] and the social and economical aspects of transsexualism [82].…”

Section: Scientific Evolution Structure Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Science Mapping Analysis of Sixty-Seven Years of Scientific Evolution about the Transgender Population

Bender¹,

Sott²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Gender and identity issues permeate society as a whole. Therefore, the matters involving transgender individuals should be analised in order to understand the difficulties experienced by this population and the social practices implemented. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the strategic themes and their evolution in relation to the theme. For this, a bibliometric performance and network analysis (BPNA) was carried out with the existing data in the Web of Science database between 1954 and march 2021. Twenty-three thousand and four hundred and seventy-one (23,471) articles were identified, which were included in the SciMAT software to perform a bibliometric analysis, resulting in the graph of the thematic evolution structure and the strategic diagram, in which 8 motor themes and a cross-cutting theme of great magnitude are highlighted, which are discussed in depth. The results show the relation between the transgender theme and gender, identity, sexual orientation, hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery. It is concluded that, despite the large number of associated researches, some areas of study are still incipient, such as the inclusion of transgender people in the formal labor market and in the prison context, thus opening field for further studies.

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“…Furthermore, they attacked surgery as non-therapeutic. Psychoanalysts, therefore, regularly argued that it is one thing to remove diseased tissue but quite another to amputate healthy organs because emotionally disturbed (transsexual) patients, who have been viewed repeatedly as perverts in psychoanalytic literature, request it (Greenberg, Rosenwald, & Nielson, 1960;Lukianowicz, 1959;Northrup, 1959;Ostow, 1953). Furthermore they labelled transsexual individuals as paranoid schizophrenics (Socarides, 1970) or borderline psychotics (Meerloo, 1976) and victims of character neurosis (Stinson, 1972).…”

Section: The Scientific and Clinical Examination Of Transsexualism: Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertium non datur– either/or reactions to transsexualism amongst health care professionals: the situation past and present, and its relevance to the future

Nieder

Richter‐Appelt

2011

Psychology & Sexuality

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According to the principle of the excluded third (tertium non datur) the gender binary divides our social life into two options only: male or female. Similarly, either/or reactions also seem to be applied by people dealing professionally with issues of transsexualism, transgenderism or related statuses. For instance, the history of transsexualism is characterised by attempts to classify transsexual people hierarchically and descriptively. The primary intention was to discriminate between different types of transsexualism to prescribe hormonal and surgical treatment for 'real' transsexual people and to recommend psychotherapy aiming at relieving gender dysphoria for all the others. In this regard, from the early beginnings sexologists have argued about the origins of transsexualism, because the type of origin -the professionals assumed -legitimises a specific kind of treatment, for example psychotherapy for psychological issues and somatic cross-sex treatment for biological issues. Consequently, psychoanalysts and biologically orientated professionals have debated at great lengths about state-of-the-art treatment for transsexual people. Furthermore, to pass as a 'real' transsexual, most of the people concerned presented themselves in a very schematic way.The main focus of this article is the long-standing history of either/or reactions in health care professionals dealing with issues of transsexualism and related states. In addition, it elaborates on the iatrogenic influence on the behaviour of transsexual people of the biases of health care professionals. Finally, in highlighting perspectives of recent trans theory, conclusions important for the debate of current issues are drawn and ideas for the future of care are developed.

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A study in transsexualism

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

The Socio-Medical Construction of Transsexualism: An Interpretation and Critique

The Socio-Medical Construction of Transsexualism: An Interpretation and Critique

A Science Mapping Analysis of Sixty-Seven Years of Scientific Evolution about the Transgender Population

Tertium non datur– either/or reactions to transsexualism amongst health care professionals: the situation past and present, and its relevance to the future

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