A structural study of gallium lanthanum sulphide glass bulk and thin films by x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

Asal, R.; Rivers, P.E.; Rutt, H.N.

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/9/29/007

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…9,10 This environment is maintained in GLSC glass without any increase of the disorder (Table II). 9,10 This environment is maintained in GLSC glass without any increase of the disorder (Table II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 This would produce a change in the glass-forming unit from one GaS 4 to a complex [GaS 3/2 Cl]. 9,10 The observed enhancement of the glass properties would in the same way result from the reduction of the connectivity of the Ga-based network. 8 In Ga 2 S 3 -La 2 S 3 , it could be suggested, by analogy, that the addition of CsCl would result in the substitution of a sulfur by a chlorine atom in the coordination tetrahedron of the gallium atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CsCl-modified Ga₂S₃–La₂S₃ glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

et al. 2001

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Gallium-lanthanum sulfide glasses are potential hosts for 1.3-m optical fiber amplifiers and for fiber lasers in the near and middle infrared. In these glasses the addition of CsCl increases the thermal stability region making possible to draw optical fibers, without altering the optical properties of the glass. Ga 2 S 3 -La 2 S 3 glasses modified by 10 to 40% CsCl have been studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, to investigate the structural role of CsCl. The chlorine environment is found similar to that in CsCl. The gallium-based network is composed from almost regular tetrahedra weakly connected by corners and is not altered by the addition of CsCl.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CsCl-modified Ga₂S₃–La₂S₃ glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

et al. 2001

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“…To put these findings in a structural context, other authors have proposed that GLS consists of a covalent network of GaS 4 tetrahedra, inter-dispersed by essentially ionic La-S channels [46][47][48]. In addition some GaS 4 tetrahedra with a negative charge are formed from the Ga being bonded to one sulphur anion (S 2-) to produce "sulphide negative cavities".…”

Section: Octahedral D 3 Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24,47] Dopant ions in glasses are generally expected to enter substitutionally for network modifier cations [33]. The main network modifier in GLS is La 3+ [47] which is 8 fold coordinated to sulphur with an undetermined symmetry [46]. The ionic radii of La 3+ , V 2+ and V 3+ are 1.03, 0.79 and 0.64 Å, respectively [49].…”

Section: Octahedral D 3 Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the oxidation state and coordination of a vanadium doped chalcogenide glass

Hughes¹,

Curry²,

Hewak³

2011

Optical Materials

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Vanadium doped chalcogenide glass has potential as an active gain medium, particularly at telecommunications wavelengths. This dopant has three spin allowed absorption transitions at 1100, 737 and 578 nm, and a spin forbidden absorption transition at 1000 nm. X-ray photo electron spectroscopy indicated the presence of vanadium in a range of oxidation states from V + to V 5+ . Excitation of each absorption band resulted in the same characteristic emission spectrum and lifetime, indicating that only one oxidation state is optically active. Arguments based on TanabeSugano analysis indicated that the configuration of the optically active vanadium ion was octahedral V 2+ . The calculated crystal field parameters (Dq/B, B and C/B) were 1.85, 485.1 and 4.55, respectively. IntroductionDetermination of the oxidative state of an active ion dopant is important for optical device applications as it determines the energy levels within the material available for use. Knowledge of the oxidation state is therefore needed when modelling the radiative and non-radiative transitions that occur in an optical material. The oxidation states of transition metal ions are particularly difficult to identify by spectroscopy as their bonding d electrons also determine their electronic energy levels and they are therefore strongly dependent on both the strength and the arrangement (coordination) of the neighbouring atoms electric field. In contrast, rare-earth metals, in which the electronic energy levels are determined by the 4f electrons which do not take part in bonding and are shielded by the 5s5p electrons, the oxidation state can be identified relatively easily by spectroscopy. Amorphous glass hosts, with their tendency to result in mixed oxidation states due to significant variation in the local environment, lead to a complex superposition of electronic states when doped, which exacerbates the problem of spectroscopic analysis of transition metals.Chalcogenide glasses often exhibit low phonon energy and this allows the observation of optical transitions in dopants that are not observed in traditional glasses such as silica. Gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) has a transmission window of ~0.5-10 ?m [1], a high refractive index of ~2.4, and a low maximum phonon energy of ~425 cm -1 which results in low non-radiative decay rates [2]. These properties allowed the observation of low-energy transitions which are not seen in other hosts, for example the first observation of the 4.9 ?m fluorescence from the 5 I 4 > 5 I 5 transition of Ho 3+ [3]. Also, rarely observed Ti 3+ emission [4] and long-wavelength emission from Bi [5] have both also been reported from GLS host glasses.

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“…Since their initial discovery over 30 years ago [2], gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) and gallium lanthanum oxysulphide (GLSO) glasses have provided an attractive non-toxic alternative to As-and Ge-based chalcogenide glasses. The optical and electronic properties of the glasses are greatly influenced by the specific elemental composition of the material and it has been shown that changing the deposition parameters can alter the optical properties of deposited films [3]. For many applications it is necessary to prepare the material in a thin film form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of deposition parameters on composition and refractive index of femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser deposited gallium lanthanum oxysulphide

Darby

Simpson

May-Smith

et al. 2008

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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a b s t r a c tThe influence of the deposition parameters on femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser deposited gallium lanthanum oxysulphide (GLSO) glass films has been investigated. A comparison between films deposited by femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser deposition (PLD) shows that the compositional range of each ablation regime varies significantly; in particular, femtosecond PLD shows a unique potential for selective fabrication of films with a high lanthanum content well outside the conventional glassmelting region. We demonstrate how manipulation of the PLD growth parameters can influence the stoichiometric transfer of the PLD process, leading to films with compositions that differ significantly from the GLSO target material. We also reveal how the refractive index of as-deposited films is dependent upon the composition and briefly discuss the thermal properties of bulk GLSO material of various compositions which indicate the potential for films grown by PLD to be used in optical data-storage device applications.

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A structural study of gallium lanthanum sulphide glass bulk and thin films by x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

CsCl-modified Ga₂S₃–La₂S₃ glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

CsCl-modified Ga₂S₃–La₂S₃ glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

Determination of the oxidation state and coordination of a vanadium doped chalcogenide glass

Influence of deposition parameters on composition and refractive index of femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser deposited gallium lanthanum oxysulphide

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A structural study of gallium lanthanum sulphide glass bulk and thin films by x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

CsCl-modified Ga2S3–La2S3 glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

CsCl-modified Ga2S3–La2S3 glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

Determination of the oxidation state and coordination of a vanadium doped chalcogenide glass

Influence of deposition parameters on composition and refractive index of femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser deposited gallium lanthanum oxysulphide

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CsCl-modified Ga₂S₃–La₂S₃ glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

CsCl-modified Ga₂S₃–La₂S₃ glasses: Structural approach by x-ray absorption spectroscopy