A Structural Equation Model of General High School Students' Happiness: Mediation Effect of Self-esteem and Resilience

Abstract

This study was conducted to develop a predictive model for happiness of students in general high schools. The study was based on the theory of happiness integration and the literature review. Methods: Data were collected using a convenience sample of 231 first and second grade students in five general high schools in D city and K Province. The exogenous variables were optimism as personality factors, parenting attitude, academic stress and friend's support as happiness. The endogenous variables were self-esteem and resilience as mediating variables, and happiness of students in general high schools. Data collection was done from March 14 to March 28, 2019. The AMOS 22.0 and SPSS programs were used to verify the validity of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis models. Results: The factors that have the greatest influence on happiness of high school students are self-esteem and resilience. The explanatory power of happiness by these variables was 98.1%. The individual mediating effect and double mediation effect of these variables were found to be significant. Conclusion: As student's optimistic personality, parent's positive parenting attitude, and friend's support improve student's self-esteem and resilience, ultimately positively affecting high school students' happiness, so it is necessary to consider these factors and try to develop a happiness improvement program.

Adolescent Life Satisfaction Explained by Social Support, Emotion Regulation, and Resilience

“…Other authors argue that the family is the only source of support that predicts emotion regulation, resilience, and life satisfaction, with that provided by friends and teachers not being significant at all (Rodríguez-Fernández et al, 2016b;Fernández-Lasarte et al, 2019). Finally, a third group of authors identify the support from friends as being an important predictor of resilience (Park and Park, 2020), even more so than family support (Van Harmelen et al, 2017;Chen, 2019), arguing that this type of support also influences (albeit weakly) life satisfaction (Rodríguez-Fernández et al, 2012). In sum, although there is general agreement regarding the fact that individual psychological variables mediate the relationship between social support and life satisfaction, disagreement exists regarding both which sources of support are the most influential and the intensity of their impact.…”

A Structural Equation Model of Subjective Happiness in Menopausal Middle-aged Women

“…회복탄력성은 최근 개인 내적 보호요인으로 주목받는 변인 으로 [17], 행복감과 관계가 있다는 연구결과가 보고되어 폐경 기 중년여성의 행복감에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 완충요인으로 보 인다 [18]. 따라서 폐경으로 인한 위기를 겪는 중년여성 중, 회 복탄력성이 높은 폐경기 중년여성은 감정 스트레스의 부정적 인 효과를 완충하고 위기를 극복해 주관적 행복감을 높일 것이 라고 기대할 수 있다 [17].…”

“…따라서 폐경으로 인한 위기를 겪는 중년여성 중, 회 복탄력성이 높은 폐경기 중년여성은 감정 스트레스의 부정적 인 효과를 완충하고 위기를 극복해 주관적 행복감을 높일 것이 라고 기대할 수 있다 [17]. 이는 최근 선행연구결과에서도 나타 나는데, 실제로 고등학생 등 다양한 대상자를 대상으로 진행된 연구에서 회복탄력성이 행복감에 긍정적인 역할을 하는 것으 로 확인되었다 [18].…”