A structural equation model of the factors affecting Filipino university students' shadow education satisfaction and behavioural intentions

Abstract

The overall intent of this exploratory study is to test a model that considers demographic characteristics, attitudes toward shadow education and shadow education institutions' service attributes as antecedents of satisfaction level and behavioural intentions among a select group of Filipino university students. To test the seven hypotheses in the proposed model, a total of 959 university students were recruited from one of the comprehensive universities in the capital of the country to participate in accomplishing a multi-aspect survey questionnaire. Results of the exploratory factor analysis yielded three distinct attitudes toward shadow education, namely: successoriented, compensatory-oriented or efficacy-oriented. Structural equation modelling revealed two competing models of almost similar significant predictors. The model manifested that the aforementioned attitudes are being affected by the student clienteles' problems with academic performance and their perceived quality of education received from secondary school. Additionally, the efficacy-orientation of its clientele and the dependability of the tutor directly affect students' satisfaction level, which further translates to repeat patronage and recommendations. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study are also discussed in this paper.

An examination of the self-presentation of the top five franchised English buxibans in Taiwan

“…Their own curriculum design, teaching materials, assessment system and teacher training programme show that they are operating as a system which is independent from mainstream education instead of acting in a ‘school-like’ mode (Aurini and Davies, 2004). Their independence from mainstream education shows that shadow education is not subordinate or inferior to it (De Castro and De Guzman, 2014). Rather, they are developing into a unique system which exists outside mainstream education, fills the gap between national education policy and real practices in schools and affects the wider discourse of education in Taiwan through their own publications, teacher training programme, curriculum design and teaching materials.…”

Determining Tendency Levels and Opinions of Secondary School 12th Grade Students on Private Tutoring

“…Suante (2017) stated that family pressure is a factor that triggers students to private tutoring. Various studies have underlined that families direct children to private tutoring with respect to motivation and academic reasons (Bray, 2010;de Castro & de Guzman, 2010;Song, et al, 2013). Davis (2013) stated that families make their children take private tutoring so they can discharge from their responsibilities.…”

Online or Traditional Learning at the Near End of the Pandemic: Assessment of Students’ Intentions to Pursue Online Learning in the Philippines

“…Zhao et al [71] also used SEM to analyze the variables and develop their relationships with factor analysis, determining the factors related to students' satisfaction with STEM education. Another study utilized SEM to compare emerging models, satisfaction's relationship to attitude and behavioral intentions, and the direct relationship between attitude and satisfaction and behavioral intention [72].…”