The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between fathers' parenting attitude and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1,777 fathers and their preschool children (aged 5-7 years, 912 boys and 865 girls) from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Data from three waves were analyzed using the autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. Results: Our analysis showed that fathers' parenting attitude and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem were moderately stable over time. Second, a reciprocal causal relationship was found between fathers' affective parenting and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem. In other words, fathers' prior affective parenting had a significantly negative effect on preschoolers' later externalizing behavior problem, and the preschoolers' prior externalizing behavior problem had a significantly negative effect on fathers' later affective parenting. Third, the multi-group analysis revealed that there was no significant gender difference. Conclusion: Our findings show that there is an interrelationship between fathers' parenting attitude and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem. Given that preschoolers' prior externalizing behavior problem decreases fathers' later affective parenting, which in turn is likely to worsen preschoolers' later externalizing behavior problem, we recommend finding ways to make fathers show affective parenting regardless of preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between fathers' parenting attitude and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1,777 fathers and their preschool children (aged 5-7 years, 912 boys and 865 girls) from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Data from three waves were analyzed using the autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. Results: Our analysis showed that fathers' parenting attitude and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem were moderately stable over time. Second, a reciprocal causal relationship was found between fathers' affective parenting and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem. In other words, fathers' prior affective parenting had a significantly negative effect on preschoolers' later externalizing behavior problem, and the preschoolers' prior externalizing behavior problem had a significantly negative effect on fathers' later affective parenting. Third, the multi-group analysis revealed that there was no significant gender difference. Conclusion: Our findings show that there is an interrelationship between fathers' parenting attitude and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem. Given that preschoolers' prior externalizing behavior problem decreases fathers' later affective parenting, which in turn is likely to worsen preschoolers' later externalizing behavior problem, we recommend finding ways to make fathers show affective parenting regardless of preschoolers' externalizing behavior problem.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine how mothers’ and fathers’ effortful control moderates the relationship between young children’s negative emotionality and mothers and fathers’ parenting behavior, and how parenting behavior moderates the relationship between young children’s negative emotionality and their problematic behavior.Methods: A survey was conducted among 143 fathers and 205 mothers of children aged 3-5 years through self-report assessments of their young children’s negative emotionality, problem behavior, and their own effortful control, and parenting behavior. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, frequency analysis, and hierarchical regression analyses with SPSS 22.0.Results: Mothers’ effortful control significantly moderated the association between children’s negative emotionality and the mothers’ rejective parenting behaviors. Mothers’ reactive parenting behavior moderated the association between children’s negative emotionality and problematic behavior. Fathers’ rejective parenting behavior significantly moderated the effect of children’s negative emotionality on problematic behavior.Conclusion: This study is meaningful as it confirms a two-way relationship between children and their mothers or fathers according to “a process model of determinants of parenting”. Partially supported by “Differential susceptibility model”, the parenting behavior moderated the effect of children’s negative emotionality on their problematic behavior. In addition, mothers and fathers’ effortful control affected their positive parenting behavior; however only mothers’ internal factors moderated the effect of children’s negative emotionality on the parenting behavior. Finally, verifying whether mothers and fathers’ parenting behavior moderates the effect of children’s negative emotions on problem behavior differently is important.
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