A Strategy for Drug Analysis in Serum and Urine. an Application to Drug Screening of Samples from Drivers Involved in Traffic Accidents

Kinberger, Bengt; Holmén, Anders; Wahrgren, Peter

doi:10.1080/00032718208069528

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Theophylline has been reported in several studies for several years, such as in that of Kinberger et al. [31] who aimed to evaluate theophylline in urine and blood to perform toxicological tests on drivers involved in traffic accidents. From this, the authors developed a method capable of detecting the compound by gas and liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction of tiredness and the improvement in concentration can be a justification for the use of these compounds, which are widely distributed among professional drivers in Brazil [12]. Theophylline has been reported in several studies for several years, such as in that of Kinberger et al [31] who aimed to evaluate theophylline in urine and blood to perform toxicological tests on drivers involved in traffic accidents. From this, the authors developed a method capable of detecting the compound by gas and liquid chromatography.…”

Section: Ion Identification In Esi(−)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What's in drugs freely used by Brazilian truck drivers – “Rebites”? Determination of target and nontarget compounds by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance

Guizolfi,

Zardo,

Barbieri

et al. 2024

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Highways, the lifeline of the Brazilian economy, transport approximately 75% of the country's economic activity, highlighting its importance. However, professional drivers, accustomed to long daily journeys, make use of tablets widely available in Gas Station, which are known as “Rebites,” which could contain a mixture of legal and illegal compounds. Thus, this study aims at the chemical characterization of these through different analytical methods. Initially, we performed a comprehensive screening of compounds present in seven samples collected across the country using high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The findings revealed caffeine as the main compound, alongside theophylline, lidocaine, and clobenzorex, among others. In the next step, we employ quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) to quantify the caffeine content in the tablets. The results indicated a caffeine concentration ranging between 14% and 31% (m/m), which may imply a daily overdose of this compound from around four tablets. In summary, this investigation provides a chemical characterization of real samples of “Rebites” freely obtained along Brazilian highways. Caffeine emerged as the predominant active compound, with its concentration determined by qNMR analysis. The notable presence of caffeine, combined with other stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens, underscores the need for strict quality control measures regarding “Rebites” to safeguard public health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ion Identification In Esi(−)mentioning

confidence: 99%

What's in drugs freely used by Brazilian truck drivers – “Rebites”? Determination of target and nontarget compounds by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance

Guizolfi,

Zardo,

Barbieri

et al. 2024

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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show abstract

“…A systematic analytical approach to search for drugs and poisons has been presented (269). Other screening strategies and extraction systems have been presented for the detection of drugs in biological fluids (270)(271)(272). A review of current drugs of abuse screening methods available in Canada in 1982 has been published (273).…”

Section: Drugs and Poisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%