A Strain of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) from Bottlegourd in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Mosaic symptoms were observed on bottlegourd in the College of Agriculture Research and Experimental Farm at Dirab. The following plant species: Lagenaria siceraria L., Cucumis sativus L., C. melo L., and Citrullus vulgaris L. showed mosaic symptoms when mechanically inoculated with extract from symptomatic bottlegourd. The rest of the inoculated plants did not show any symptoms. Properties of the infective plant extract were as follows: Dilution end point (DEP) was between 10−6–10−7, thermal inactivation point (TIP) was between 90–100 °C, and longevity in vitro was more than 32 days. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained, partially purified preparations revealed rigid‐rod shaped virus particles measuring 300–325 nm. Positive serological reaction was observed between leaf extract from infected bottlegourd and CGMMV antiserum in immunodiffusion test in agar plates. This report is the first of the presence of CGMMV in this country. Zusammenfassung Ein Isolat des cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) aus dem Flaschenkürbis in Saudi‐Arabien Mosaiksymptome wurden an Flaschenkürbis bei dem College of Agriculture Research and Experimental Farm in Dirab, Saudi‐Arabien, beobachtet. Nach einer mechanischen Inokulation mit dem Extrakt aus befallenen Flaschenkürbispflanzen zeigten die folgenden Pflanzenarten Mosaiksymptome: Lagenaria siceraria L., Cucumis sativus L., C. melo L. und Citrullus vulgaris L. Andere Pflanzenarten, die gleichzeitig inokuliert worden waren, zeigten keine Symptome. Der infektiöse Pflanzenextrakt hatte folgende Eigenschaften: der Verdünnungsendpunkt (DEP) lag zwischen 10−6 und 10−7, der thermale Inaktivierungspunkt lag zwischen 90–100 °C, und die Langlebigkeit in vitro betrug mehr als 32 Tage. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von negativ gefärbten, partiell gereinigten Präparaten offenbarten stabile, stabähnliche Viruspartikeln, die eine Größe von 300–325 nm hatten. Immunodiffusionstests in Agarplatten zeigten eine positive serologische Reaktion zwischen dem Blattextrakt von infizierten Flaschenkürbispflanzen und dem CGMMV‐Antiserum. Über das Vorhandensein vom CGMMV in Saudi‐Arabien wird hier zum ersten Mal berichtet.

Etiology of Leaf Chlorosis and Deterioration of the Fruit Interior of Watermelon Plants

“…In electron micrographs of infected plants, virions were observed typical for members of the Tobamovirus genus (Raychaudhuri and Varma, 1978; Avgelis and Vovlas, 1986; Antignus et al., 1990; Al‐Shahwan and Abdalla, 1992). CGMMV was identified both serologically by DAS‐ELISA and by molecular techniques such as RT‐PCR and its presence was highly correlated with chlorotic mottling symptoms.…”

Monoclonal antibody-based serological methods for detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus

“…A variety of techniques have been established for the detection and diagnosis of CGMMV: RT-PCR [4,15,19,20], real time RT-PCR [21], transmission electron microcopy (TEM) [1,22], immune capture (IC)-RT-PCR [11], ELISA using polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) [1,11,23] and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) [2,5]. Among those detection methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Dot-immunobinding assay (DBIA) and direct tissue blot immunoassay (DTBIA) are more suitable for routine detection of large-scale samples in the field survey, while IC-RT-PCR is more sensitive and suitable for acquiring information about the viral genome [24].…”

Control of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in commercial greenhouse production with agricultural disinfectants and resistant cucumber varieties

“…This seed-borne virus can easily spread across short and long distances through the use of contaminated seeds and infected seedlings (Li et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2014;Sui et al, 2019). CGMMV was first described in 1935 in the United Kingdom (Ainsworth, 1935), and eventually it spread worldwide to almost all cucurbit-producing regions (Al-Shahwan and Abdalla, 1992;Borodynko-Filas et al, 2017;Budzanivska et al, 2007;Celix et al, 1996;Dombrovsky et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2010;Ling et al, 2014;Moradi and Jafarpour, 2011;Reingold et al, 2013;Tesoriero et al, 2016;Tian et al, 2014;Varveri et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2009). CGMMV can infect a number of common weed species that includes Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Apiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Portulacaceae, which in turn may serve as a virus reservoirs (Boubourakas et al, 2004;Dombrovsky et al, 2017;Shargil et al, 2017).…”