A stir foam composed of graphene oxide, poly(ethylene glycol) and natural latex for the extraction of preservatives and antioxidant

Abstract

A stir foam composed of graphene oxide, poly(ethylene glycol) and natural latex (GO-PEG-NL) was prepared for use in micro-solid phase extraction sorbent of preservative agents and antioxidants from cosmetic products. The extracted analytes were quantified by GC-MS. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration plots are linear in the concentration ranges between 5.0 μg·L to 1.0 mg·L for benzoic acid, of 10.0 μg·L to 1.0 mg·L for 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone (MI), and between 1.0 μg·L and 1.0 mg·L for both 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-hydroxytoluene (BHT). The LODs are 1.0 μg·L for benzoic acid, 5.0 μg·L for MI and 0.5 μg·L for both BHA and BHT. The stir-foam can be easily prepared, is inexpensive and well reproducible (RSDs <3%, for n = 6). It can be re-used for up to 12 times after which extraction efficiency has dropped to 90%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of preservatives and antioxidants in cosmetic samples. Recoveries from spiked samples ranged between 94.5 ± 2.1% and 99.8 ± 1.8%. Graphical abstract A stir foam was prepared from graphene oxide, poly(ethylene glycol) and natural latex (GO-PEG-NL) and is shown to be a most viable sorbent for the microextraction of trace amounts of preservative agents and antioxidants from cosmetic products.

Graphene Oxide–PEG–Protocatechuic Acid Nanocomposite Formulation with Improved Anticancer Properties

“…Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a non-ionic water-soluble polymer that is most widely used in drug delivery, and has also been reported as a phase change material [ 24 , 25 ]. The functionalization of GO with polyethylene glycol (GO–PEG) has been reported to improve the aqueous solution stability, and biocompatibility made it the ideal material to be applied in drug delivery [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. GO–PEG has been reported to show an excellent transfection of nucleic acids (plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA) in cells and the administration of conventional drug treatment [ 22 , 29 ].…”

A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)

“…Currently, a number of methods have been used to detect the presence of BHA in various media. [66][67][68] Studies have suggested that BHA is mainly detected in various foods, including fats, oils and their products; [69][70][71] cereals and cereal products; 11,72 vegetables and vegetable products; 70 milk and milk products; 70 meat and meat products; 73 fish, fish products and seafood, 70 etc. (Table 1).…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol/Folic Acid/Brucine Nanocomposites and Their Anticancer Activity on HepG2 Cells

“…17 It has been highlighted that functionalizing GO with PEG increases its stability, and its biocompatibility makes it a suitable material for use in drug delivery. 18 Brucine is a major bioactive compound found in the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae) plant. Numerous previous studies have already reported the pharmacological properties of brucine, including anti-tumor, 19 anti-inflammatory and analgesic, 20 and cardio-protective 21 activities.…”