A Stereological Analysis of the Response of Spermatogenesis to an Acute Inflammatory Episode in Adult Rats

Abstract

Male fertility is inhibited by inflammatory disease, but the mechanisms responsible are poorly defined. The effects of acute systemic inflammation induced by a single IP injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on spermatogenic function in adult male rats were investigated using detailed stereological analysis. The earliest effect observed was a significant maturational delay of meiosis during the leptotene/zygotene phase (at stages IX-XIII) within 24 hours. This was followed within 6 days by an increase in premature release of these cells and the adjacent, more luminally located generation of round spermatids from the seminiferous epithelium. An increase in germ cell apoptosis within stages IX-XIII also occurred at this time. These data indicate that the initial effects of acute inflammation on the seminiferous epithelium are most pronounced on stages IX-XIII. The effects were not consistent with a loss of hormonal regulation, suggesting that a direct effect of inflammation on the function of the Sertoli cell during this critical stage of meiosis is involved. In the longer term, however, the consequences of this acute inflammatory episode were relatively minor: within 28 days there had been a compensatory increase in the efficiency of the seminiferous epithelium, restoring the spermatogenic capacity of the testis towards preinflammation levels.

Treatment Effects Of Onion (Allium cepa) And Ginger (Zingiber officinale) On Sexual Behavior Of Rat After Inducing An Antiepileptic Drug (lamotrigine)

“…Sexual hormone alterations are among the side-effects of anti-convulsant drugs (5,25,26). Moreover, the mentioned study showed the reduction level of free testosterone (dihydrotestostrone), Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinized hormone, attaching globulin increase to sexual hormones and level of Estradiol in the users of enzyme infusing drugs.…”

The effect of secondary cholestasis on the CD68-positive and CD163-positive macrophage population, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in rat testis

“…When acute systemic inflammation is induced by a single sublethal dose of LPS in the rat, the earliest markedly affected manifestation is a significant maturational delay of primary spermatocytes within 24 h; followed by an increase in apoptosis of spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes within 6 days (Liew et al, 2007). In the LPS-induced acute inflammation model, there is also no detectable apoptosis at earlier time points, but a dramatic increase in the apoptosis of early primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia in the seminiferous epithelium was observed in later periods (Metukuri et al, 2010;O'Bryan et al, 2000).…”

“…The precise mechanisms responsible for this inhibition remain unclear and are probably multifactorial, i.e., infection (Adamopoulos et al, 1978;Buch and Havlovec, 1991), inflammation (Hedger, 2011;Kajihara et al, 2006;Liew et al, 2007;O'Bryan et al, 2000), reactive oxygen species (Aly et al, 2012;Gavazza and Catala, 2003;Reddy et al, 2006), proinflammatory cytokine release (Gerdprasert et al, 2002;Riccioli et al, 2006), excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells (Gerdprasert et al, 2002;Hedger, 2002;O'Bryan et al, 2000), and necrotic cell death and apoptosis (Metukuri et al, 2010).…”

“…At present, most studies on the effect of inflammation on testicular pathophysiological changes use a rat acute systemic inflammation model induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (Aly et al, 2012;Gerdprasert et al, 2002;Liew et al, 2007;Metukuri et al, 2010;O'Bryan et al, 2000;Reddy et al, 2006), while high doses of LPS cause a severe endotoxic reaction (Liew et al, 2007;O'Bryan et al, 2000). Little is currently known about the long-term effects of cholestasis-induced endotoxemia, as a chronic process of cirrhotic pathophysiological change, on the intratesticular population of CD68 + and CD163 + macrophages, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis.…”

Roscovitine protects murine Leydig cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation

“…Inflammation can affect the normal function of Leydig cells (16). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish a mouse model of inflammation (17) and the testes were collected to investigate the effects of roscovitine on murine testis inflammation.…”