A Step towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Life Cycle Cost Analysis of A Hydrogen Refueling Station

Viktorsson, Ludvik; Heinonen, Jukka; Skúlason, Jón Björn; Unnþórsson, Rúnar

doi:10.3390/en10060763

Cited by 108 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is defined as the key techno-economic parameter in the optimisation [21][22][23]. The total LCOH (LCOH total ) is the sum of LCOH for production (LCOH prod ) and transport (LCOH trans ) as expressed in Equation (2).…”

Section: Techno-economic Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?

et al. 2020

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The results of a techno-economic model of distributed wind-hydrogen systems (WHS) located at each existing wind farm on the island of Ireland are presented in this paper. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis from wind energy and backed up by grid electricity, compressed before temporarily stored, then transported to the nearest injection location on the natural gas network. The model employs a novel correlation-based approach to select an optimum electrolyser capacity that generates a minimum levelised cost of hydrogen production (LCOH) for each WHS. Three scenarios of electrolyser operation are studied: (1) curtailed wind, (2) available wind, and (3) full capacity operations. Additionally, two sets of input parameters are used: (1) current and (2) future techno-economic parameters. Additionally, two electricity prices are considered: (1) low and (2) high prices. A closest facility algorithm in a geographic information system (GIS) package identifies the shortest routes from each WHS to its nearest injection point. By using current parameters, results show that small wind farms are not suitable to run electrolysers under available wind operation. They must be run at full capacity to achieve sufficiently low LCOH. At full capacity, the future average LCOH is 6–8 €/kg with total hydrogen production capacity of 49 kilotonnes per year, or equivalent to nearly 3% of Irish natural gas consumption. This potential will increase significantly due to the projected expansion of installed wind capacity in Ireland from 5 GW in 2020 to 10 GW in 2030.

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Section: Techno-economic Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to [23,28,29], electricity price has a significant impact on LCOH prod . Therefore, this study identifies and applies representative electricity prices (c) based on each energy source.…”

Section: Techno-economic Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?

et al. 2020

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“…Due to the various ways of producing, storing, and transporting hydrogen, there is a large difference in the hydrogen life cycle cost . Ahmadi and Kjeang divided the life cycle of a passenger vehicle into a fuel cycle and a vehicle cycle.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the various ways of producing, storing, and transporting hydrogen, there is a large difference in the hydrogen life cycle cost. [13][14][15][16] Ahmadi and Kjeang 13 divided the life cycle of a passenger vehicle into a fuel cycle and a vehicle cycle. The fuel cycle is more prominent in our work, and in this cycle, the feedstock is produced and transported for producing fuel, which is then distributed to refueling stations and used by vehicles.…”

Section: Prior Research On Hydrogen Life Cycle Cost Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations considering distributed hydrogen production and cost reduction for regional consumers

Sun

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are currently facing two difficulties in achieving their general use: the lack of hydrogen refueling stations and high hydrogen prices. Hydrogen refueling stations are the middle stage for delivering hydrogen from its sources to consumers, and their location could be affected by the distributed locations of hydrogen sources and consumers. The reasonable siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations could both improve the hydrogen infrastructure and reduce regional consumers' cost of using hydrogen. By considering the hydrogen life cycle cost and using a commercial volume forecasting model, this paper creates a relatively thorough and comprehensive model for hydrogen station siting and sizing with the objective of achieving the optimal costs for consumers using hydrogen. The cost‐based model includes the selection of the hydrogen sources, transportation methods, and storage methods, and thus, the hydrogen supply chain can also be optimized. A numerical example is established in Section 4 with the solution algorithm and results.

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“…An additional benefit of power to gas energy storage system is their ability to offer different energy recovery pathways. Victorsson et al [2] highlight the advantages of coupling the renewable energy technologies producing cleaner power with the transportation sector. Their work specifically looks at making an economic assessment of an independent refueling station that produces its own hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastic Programming Approach for the Planning and Operation of a Power to Gas Energy Hub with Multiple Energy Recovery Pathways

et al. 2017

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There is a need for energy storage to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of energy distribution with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. Among the various energy storage technologies being developed, 'power-to-gas' is one such concept which has gained interest due to its ability to provide long term energy storage and recover the energy stored through different energy recovery pathways. Incorporation of such systems within the energy infrastructure requires analysis of the key factors influencing the operation of electrolyzers and hydrogen storage. This study focusses on assessing the benefits power-to-gas energy storage while accounting for uncertainty in the following three key parameters that could influence the operation of the energy system: (1) hourly electricity price; (2) the number of fuel cell vehicles serviced; and (3) the amount of hydrogen refueled. An hourly time index is adopted to analyze how the energy hub should operate under uncertainty. The results show that there is a potential economic benefit for the powerto-gas system if it is modeled using the two-stage stochastic programming approach in comparison to a deterministic optimization study. The power-to-gas system also offers environmental benefits both from the perspective of the producer and end user of hydrogen.

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A Step towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Life Cycle Cost Analysis of A Hydrogen Refueling Station

Cited by 108 publications

References 29 publications

At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?

At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?

Optimal siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations considering distributed hydrogen production and cost reduction for regional consumers

A Stochastic Programming Approach for the Planning and Operation of a Power to Gas Energy Hub with Multiple Energy Recovery Pathways

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