A Step-by-Step Protocol for Classifying AOX Proteins in Flowering Plants

Costa, José Hélio; Santos, Clesivan Pereira dos; Saraiva, Kátia Daniella da Cruz; Arnholdt‐Schmitt, Birgit

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_19

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, it gains high importance when the physiological role of those genes should be comparable across species. Thus, classification is a dynamic process that needs regular updates to develop knowledge [ 23 ]. Based on the most recent classification system available for AOX , basal angiosperms and eudicots contain both AOX -subfamilies ( AOX1 and AOX2 ) subdivided into specific types ( AOX1a - c / e , AOX1d , AOX2a-c, and AOX2d ) [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of AOX genes and their distribution within the two subfamilies is species-specific [ 19 ]. Due to the high diversity in terms of gene duplication pattern [ 17 ], some AOX classification schemes for angiosperm plant species have been developed [ 17 , 22 , 23 ]. In dicot plant species, genes belonging to both subfamilies have been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AOX1-Subfamily Gene Members in Olea europaea cv. “Galega Vulgar”—Gene Characterization and Expression of Transcripts during IBA-Induced in Vitro Adventitious Rooting

Velada

Grzebelus

Lousa

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Propagation of some Olea europaea L. cultivars is strongly limited due to recalcitrant behavior in adventitious root formation by semi-hardwood cuttings. One example is the cultivar ”Galega vulgar”. The formation of adventitious roots is considered a morphological response to stress. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is the terminal oxidase of the alternative pathway of the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain. This enzyme is well known to be induced in response to several biotic and abiotic stress situations. This work aimed to characterize the alternative oxidase 1 (AOX1)-subfamily in olive and to analyze the expression of transcripts during the indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-induced in vitro adventitious rooting (AR) process. OeAOX1a (acc. no. MF410318) and OeAOX1d (acc. no. MF410319) were identified, as well as different transcript variants for both genes which resulted from alternative polyadenylation events. A correlation between transcript accumulation of both OeAOX1a and OeAOX1d transcripts and the three distinct phases (induction, initiation, and expression) of the AR process in olive was observed. Olive AOX1 genes seem to be associated with the induction and development of adventitious roots in IBA-treated explants. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stimulus needed for the induction of adventitious roots may help to develop more targeted and effective rooting induction protocols in order to improve the rooting ability of difficult-to-root cultivars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AOX1-Subfamily Gene Members in Olea europaea cv. “Galega Vulgar”—Gene Characterization and Expression of Transcripts during IBA-Induced in Vitro Adventitious Rooting

Velada

Grzebelus

Lousa

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…This alleviates various stress conditions, including drought, low oxygen, and temperature. AOX gene family is nucleus encoded, composed of one to six members distributed in two subfamilies ( AOX1 and AOX2 ) (Costa et al, 2014; Costa et al, 2017). Vanlerberghe et al (2009) postulated a “master role” for AOX through degree of homeostasis signaling.…”

Section: Aox—a Mere Stress Indicator/alleviator or Rather An Efficienmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Oxidase (AOX) Senses Stress Levels to Coordinate Auxin-Induced Reprogramming From Seed Germination to Somatic Embryogenesis—A Role Relevant for Seed Vigor Prediction and Plant Robustness

et al. 2019

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the most striking and prominent example of plant plasticity upon severe stress. Inducing immature carrot seeds perform SE as substitute to germination by auxin treatment can be seen as switch between stress levels associated to morphophysiological plasticity. This experimental system is highly powerful to explore stress response factors that mediate the metabolic switch between cell and tissue identities. Developmental plasticity per se is an emerging trait for in vitro systems and crop improvement. It is supposed to underlie multi-stress tolerance. High plasticity can protect plants throughout life cycles against variable abiotic and biotic conditions. We provide proof of concepts for the existing hypothesis that alternative oxidase (AOX) can be relevant for developmental plasticity and be associated to yield stability. Our perspective on AOX as relevant coordinator of cell reprogramming is supported by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses and gross metabolism data from calorespirometry complemented by SHAM-inhibitor studies on primed, elevated partial pressure of oxygen (EPPO)–stressed, and endophyte-treated seeds. In silico studies on public experimental data from diverse species strengthen generality of our insights. Finally, we highlight ready-to-use concepts for plant selection and optimizing in vivo and in vitro propagation that do not require further details on molecular physiology and metabolism. This is demonstrated by applying our research & technology concepts to pea genotypes with differential yield performance in multilocation fields and chickpea types known for differential robustness in the field. By using these concepts and tools appropriately, also other marker candidates than AOX and complex genomics data can be efficiently validated for prebreeding and seed vigor prediction.

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“…In higher plants, AOX is nuclear encoded by a small multigene family, comprising one to six gene members distributed within two subfamilies, the AOX1 and AOX2subfamily [19][20][21]. The number of gene members and the pattern of its ramification within the two subfamilies is species-dependent [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrot AOX2a Transcript Profile Responds to Growth and Chilling Exposure

Campos

Nogales

et al. 2021

Plants

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Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a key enzyme of the alternative respiration, known to be involved in plant development and in response to various stresses. To verify the role of DcAOX1 and DcAOX2a genes in carrot tap root growth and in response to cold stress, their expression was analyzed in two experiments: during root growth for 13 weeks and in response to a cold challenge trial of 7 days, in both cases using different carrot cultivars. Carrot root growth is initially characterized by an increase in length, followed by a strong increase in weight. DcAOX2a presented the highest expression levels during the initial stages of root growth for all cultivars, but DcAOX1 showed no particular trend in expression. Cold stress had a negative impact on root growth, and generally up-regulated DcAOX2a with no consistent effect on DcAOX1. The identification of cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) located at the promoters of both genes showed putative sequences involved in cold stress responsiveness, as well as growth. However, DcAOX2a promoter presented more CAREs related to hormonal pathways, including abscisic acid and gibberellins synthesis, than DcAOX1. These results point to a dual role of DcAOX2a on carrot tap root secondary growth and cold stress response.

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A Step-by-Step Protocol for Classifying AOX Proteins in Flowering Plants

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

AOX1-Subfamily Gene Members in Olea europaea cv. “Galega Vulgar”—Gene Characterization and Expression of Transcripts during IBA-Induced in Vitro Adventitious Rooting

AOX1-Subfamily Gene Members in Olea europaea cv. “Galega Vulgar”—Gene Characterization and Expression of Transcripts during IBA-Induced in Vitro Adventitious Rooting

Alternative Oxidase (AOX) Senses Stress Levels to Coordinate Auxin-Induced Reprogramming From Seed Germination to Somatic Embryogenesis—A Role Relevant for Seed Vigor Prediction and Plant Robustness

Carrot AOX2a Transcript Profile Responds to Growth and Chilling Exposure

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