“…According to the existing researches, the clustering methods may be divided into three kinds of partition-based, densitybased, hierarchy-based, model-based, and grid-based. Specifically, there are fuzzy c-means clustering [14], Ward clustering [14,15], regression clustering [16][17][18], correlation matrix hierarchical clustering [19][20][21], numerical analysis clustering [10,22,23], and grey relational clustering [11,12,[24][25][26][27][28]. On basis of "absolute index," "incremental index," and "fluctuation index," Li et al [15] reconstructed the distance function and Ward clustering algorithm of similarity measure of panel data and proposed a panel data-adaptive weight clustering algorithm.…”