A steganographic method for digital images with four-pixel differencing and modified LSB substitution

Liao, Xin; Wen, Qiaoyan; Zhang, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2010.08.007

Cited by 174 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The proposed method implants variant quantities of bits in the image pixels. To implant divergent quantities of bits in the pixels, the concept of Liao et al [28] is applied in this article. Hence, though the scheme in [28] tries to manage better stego image quality, the research also deems it as a related work.…”

Section: Related Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2014, Ong et al [28] proposed a different RDH scheme where the image is destroyed by embedding data. The scheme divides the image into blocks of m × n pixels.…”

Section: Image Distortion By Embedding Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the proposed scheme, the embedding capacity is definable according to the demand of the application. The experimental results state that the proposed scheme dominates its competing methods [14][15][16]28] by all of its measuring features such as embedding capacity and image distortions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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An image distortion-based enhanced embedding scheme

Kamal

Islam

2018

Iran J Comput Sci

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Many clandestine applications send their secret information, e.g., investigation reports, to a destination by implanting them into an image document, like forensic evidence. In that case, both the document and the implanted information are secret and equally important. To protect the document's information, called the cover information, from being disclosed, many reversible data embedding (RDE) schemes first destroy the cover information intentionally and then embed secrets into these destroyed contents. A reversible process in the receiver end retrieves both the implanted secrets and the cover information. The existing schemes suffer from less embedding capacity, i.e., embedded bits per pixel (bpp), because their reversible processes either are unable to implant bit(s) into every pixel or implant a chunk of message bits into a group of pixels where the length of the message bits is smaller than the number of pixels in the group. The article proposes a novel distortion-based RDE scheme that achieves an embedding capacity of 2 n bpp, where 0 ≤ n ≤ 3. The proposed scheme destroys the information in the image before and after the data implantation task to strongly obliterate both the cover information and the embedded bits. During implementing this proposed process, the scheme establishes seven levels of encapsulated securities and, thus, strengthens the security of the scheme. The maximum embedding capacity and the lowest level of image distortion that are achieved by the proposed scheme are 8 bpp and 5 dB, respectively. These two values significantly dominate the same figures that are achieved in its competing schemes.

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Section: Related Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2014, Ong et al [28] proposed a different RDH scheme where the image is destroyed by embedding data. The scheme divides the image into blocks of m × n pixels.…”

Section: Image Distortion By Embedding Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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An image distortion-based enhanced embedding scheme

Kamal

Islam

2018

Iran J Comput Sci

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“…Position where the pixels exceeds boundary has been marked and a delicate handle is used to keep the value within the range. [7] Liao et al [8] has proposed a method to improve the embedding capacity and provide an imperceptible visual quality, based on four-pixel differencing and modified least significant bit (LSB) substitution. The block is classified as smooth area or edged area using the average difference value of a four-pixel block.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Readjustment is executed to guarantee the same level that the average difference value belongs to before and after embedding, and to minimize the perceptual distortion. [8] Khodaei et al [9] has presented a new adaptive data-hiding method based on least-significant-bit (LSB) substitution and pixel value differencing (PVD) for grey-scale images. The cover image is partitioned into non overlapping blocks each having three consecutive pixels in raster scan manner The method embeds k-bits of secret data in the base pixel by using LSB substitution and optimal pixel adjustment process (OPAP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Capacity Secured Image Steganography Method with Five Pixel Pair Differencing and LSB Substitution

Gulve¹,

Joshi²

2015

IJIGSP

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Abstract-Most of the steganography techniques, based on pixel value difference, use the difference between the pixel values to hide the information. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed which combines the LSB and PVD steganography techniques to provide high data hiding capacity with acceptable stego image quality. Instead of using the original difference to hide the information, the difference is revised before it is used for hiding the information. This introduces an additional layer of security for the secret information. The algorithm divides the cover image in the blocks of 2  3 pixels. One of the pixels in the block is used as common pixel, which forms five pixel pairs with remaining five pixels in the block. The algorithm hides three secret bits in the common pixel using the LSB substitution method and then use the PVD based approach to hide data in five pixel pairs in each block. The algorithm determines the average (N) of the number of bits that can be hidden in the block. If the difference value allows M-bits to be hidden in the pair, then bits ≤ N are hidden in that pair. The result shows that the algorithm provides higher hiding capacity with better PSNR values as compared to other methods investigated in this study.

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