A steady state model of agricultural waste pyrolysis: A mini review

Abstract

Agricultural waste is one of the main renewable energy resources available, especially in an agricultural country such as Serbia. Pyrolysis has already been considered as an attractive alternative for disposal of agricultural waste, since the technique can convert this special biomass resource into granular charcoal, non-condensable gases and pyrolysis oils, which could furnish profitable energy and chemical products owing to their high calorific value. In this regard, the development of thermochemical processes requires a good understanding of pyrolysis mechanisms. Experimental and some literature data on the pyrolysis characteristics of corn cob and several other agricultural residues under inert atmosphere were structured and analysed in order to obtain conversion behaviour patterns of agricultural residues during pyrolysis within the temperature range from 300 °C to 1000 °C. Based on experimental and literature data analysis, empirical relationships were derived, including relations between the temperature of the process and yields of charcoal, tar and gas (CO2, CO, H2 and CH4). An analytical semi-empirical model was then used as a tool to analyse the general trends of biomass pyrolysis. Although this semi-empirical model needs further refinement before application to all types of biomass, its prediction capability was in good agreement with results obtained by the literature review. The compact representation could be used in other applications, to conveniently extrapolate and interpolate these results to other temperatures and biomass types.

Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste for recovery of combustible hydrocarbons using copper oxide as catalyst

“…For conversion of waste polymer into useful products via a pyrolysis process, knowledge of the reaction mechanism is essential. The main reaction pathways to particular products can be investigated if the results of a comprehensive mechanistic model, in terms of reaction mechanism and net rates, are carefully evaluated (Poutsma, 2006; Trninić et al, 2016). Therefore, rate parameters values for reactions in pyrolysis of polystyrene are scarcely available in literature (Li et al, 2006).…”

Co-processing of olive bagasse with crude rapeseed oil via pyrolysis

“…The prominent gas products obtained from the pyrolysis of OB alone, RO alone and the co-pyrolysis of OB/RO blend (1:1) were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. It is known that biomass pyrolysis produces mainly carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane (Trninić et al, 2016). In addition to these gas products, the other detected gas products were ethane (C 2 ), ethylene (C 2 =), propane (C 3 ), propylene (C 3 =), butane (C 4 ), and butylene (C 4 =).…”

Characterisation of bio-oil and its sub-fractions from catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass mixture

“…Biomass can be defined as all organic substances that can be renewed in less than a 100-year period, including plants, animal residues, food industry, forest products and urban wastes. There is potential for biomass to be useful in solving some of the world's energy and environmental problems, as it is widely recognised as an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source (Trninić et al, 2016). Biomass can be used for direct heating and electricity production and is also converted to solid, gas and liquid fuel (Dinçer and Acar, 2015).…”