A Statistical Theory of Discoloration for Halogen-containing Polymers and Copolymers

Boyer, Raymond F.

doi:10.1021/j150451a006

Cited by 87 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The kin etics of this type of random or n eaT-random degradation arc now \vell known [1]. 2 Incidental to this mechanism are a very sharp initial drop in molec ular weight of the polymers and the appearance of very little monomer until very late in th e r eaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of structure on the thermal decomposition of polymers

Wall¹,

Florin²

1958

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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During recent yea rs a co nsid erable nurnber of t heo retical a nd exp erimental stud ies have been published o n t he kin etics and mechanism of t he t hermal d eco mposition of poly mers. The tr eatment of depo. lymerization as a free-rad ical chain reaction involv ing t he four basic steps of initiation, p ropagation, t ra nsfer, and termination seems ad equate for a fairly complete und erstandin g of the p rocess in a la rge number of cases. Ra te data now available a re disc ussed from t his poin t of view. It is shown t hat most of t he characteristics of t he t herma l d eco mposition rate cu r ves a re a r esult of t heir basic struct ure and not of trace impuri t ies. Th e mag nit ud e of the rates a nd act.ivation energies are, however, sens it ive to trace stru ctures o r impuri t ies. It is shown t hat in ter molec ula r transfer will account for the rate behavior in a large number of poly mers. In a relatively few other cases in t ram olecula r transfer is indi cated to bc of more importan ce.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of structure on the thermal decomposition of polymers

Wall¹,

Florin²

1958

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-= n HC1 t producing increasing discoloration as the length of this conjugation increases ( 1). In commercial practice, such thermal degradation is retarded by the addition of certain selected "stabilizers" ( 2, 3 ) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergism in thermal stabilization of polyvinyl chloride

Deanin

Landers

Byczko

et al. 1973

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Plasticized polyvinyl chloride was thermally stabilized by barium, cadmium, and zinc laurates, epoxidized soybean oil, and monoalkyl diaryl phosphite, and by combinations of these stabilizers. Of 26 possible combinations, 18 showed some improvement, 8 showed useful improvement, 7 showed marked improvement, and 3 systems were outstanding. Of the 26 combinations, 10 showed distinct synergism, based mainly upon combinations of Group II‐B metals with Group II‐A metals, “secondary” stabilizers, or both. Combinations of Group II‐B metals with “secondary” stabilizers were particularly interesting and promising.

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“…Boyer [18] has described many of the factors affecting the ul traviolet absorbance of a degraded halogen-containing copolymer. Those factors applicable to the explanation of the absorbances noted in th e present case of ' degraded polystyrene include an inductive effect of the conj ugated systems on each other, the influence of the presence of a mixture of isomers, the coexistence of many degrees of conj uga tion, and the positional isomerization of double bonds.…”

Section: Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of degradation of polystyrene, using ultraviolet spectrophotometry

Reiney¹,

Tryon²,

Achhammer³

1953

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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The role of ultraviolet radiant energy and effect of presence of monomer on degradation of polystyrene were st udied by means of ultaviolet absorption techniques. It was found that ~xposure of pure pol,Ystyrene to ultravio~e t .radiant energy resulted in increased absorption III th~ ultravIOlet regIOn of 280 to 400 millimicrons, whICh advanced progressively as exposure t une lllcreased. The presence of monomer increased the rate of d egradation without altering the general type of abso~·p.tion. A post-radiation effe~t was noted in both the pUlified polymer and polymer contallllllg monomer styrene. Agam, t he presence of monomer increased the ra~e of progress of the post-radiation effect. Possible mechanisms are postulated for t he ultravIOlet degradatIOn, and the concept of e ntrapped free radicals is considered as a possible explanation for the post-radiation effect observed.

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A Statistical Theory of Discoloration for Halogen-containing Polymers and Copolymers

Cited by 87 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of structure on the thermal decomposition of polymers

Effect of structure on the thermal decomposition of polymers

Synergism in thermal stabilization of polyvinyl chloride

Study of degradation of polystyrene, using ultraviolet spectrophotometry

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