A Statistical Study on the Relationship Between Mental Illness and Traffic Accidents???A Pilot Study

Eelkema, Robert C.; Brosseau, James D.; Koshnick, R; McGee, Ciara E.

doi:10.1097/00043764-197106000-00026

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…31 Studies have suggested that people with psychiatric problems have 1.5 to 2.5 times the risk of a motor vehicle accident compared with other drivers. [13][14][15][16][17] Transient factors, such as stressful life events, anxiety, depression, functional somatic complaints, alcohol use, and fatigue, may interact with stable traits, such as cognitive impairment, impulsivity, antisocial attitudes, neuroticism, and external locus of control, in causing collisions. 32 The associations found between psychiatric illness and TBI are likely due to complex causal pathways that differ in the various psychiatric indicators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies suggest that psychiatric illness may be a risk factor for traumatic accidents but they did not specifically examine TBI as an outcome. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Furthermore, some of these studies examined small or selected populations and ascertained psychopathology imprecisely. A few studies have examined a narrow range of psychiatric risk factors for TBI in selected populations but their results may not apply to other populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric illness and subsequent traumatic brain injury: a case control study

Fann

2002

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry

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Objective: To determine whether psychiatric illness is a risk factor for subsequent traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Case control study in a large staff model health maintenance organisation in western Washington State. Patients with TBI, determined by International classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnoses, were 1440 health plan members who had TBI diagnosed in 1993 and who had been enrolled in the previous year, during which no TBI was ascertained. Three health plan members were randomly selected as control subjects, matched by age, sex, and reference date. Psychiatric illness in the year before the TBI reference date was determined by using computerised records of ICD-9-CM diagnoses, psychiatric medication prescriptions, and utilisation of a psychiatric service. Results: For those with a psychiatric diagnosis in the year before the reference date, the adjusted relative risk for TBI was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4 to 2.0) compared with those without a psychiatric diagnosis. Patients who had filled a psychiatric medication prescription had an adjusted relative risk for TBI of 1.6 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.1) compared with those who had not filled a psychiatric medication prescription. Patients who had utilised psychiatric services had an adjusted relative risk for TBI of 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.6) compared with those who had not utilised psychiatric services. The adjusted relative risk for TBI for patients with psychiatric illness determined by any of the three psychiatric indicators was 1.6 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.9) compared with those without any psychiatric indicator. Conclusion: Psychiatric illness appears to be associated with an increased risk for TBI.T he most common mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are motor vehicle collisions, falls, sports and recreational injuries, and assaults.1-5 The known risk factors for sustaining a TBI are age 15-24 years (with smaller peaks in the > 60 and < 5 year age groups), male sex, increased blood alcohol concentration, and lower socioeconomic status.6 7 The identification of modifiable risk factors and of high risk populations has recently been prioritised by the Department of Health and Human Services' Interagency Head Injury Task Force in the United States 8 and may lead to prevention programs that help to decrease the incidence of TBI and associated disability and mortality. Although mild cases constitute the vast majority of TBI and may result in prolonged disability, 9 relatively little is known about the risk factors for mild TBI.While it is recognised that people are more likely to suffer from psychiatric illness following TBI, 10 it is less clear whether those who sustain a TBI are more likely to have had a psychiatric illness before their injury. Previous studies suggest that psychiatric illness may be a risk factor for traumatic accidents but they did not specifically examine TBI as an outcome. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Furthermore, some of these studies examined small or selected populations and ascertaine...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric illness and subsequent traumatic brain injury: a case control study

Fann

2002

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry

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“…The most dangerous were those with dementia, followed by hypomania and mania; severe depression and suicidal ideation, personality disorders and alcohol misuse are the other significant diagnoses. Elkema et al (1970) found that male patients with a personality disorder had six times as many RTAs as controls. Gibbons (1976) notes that most mental illnesses tend to reduce activity and interest, and therefore possibly the use of a car.…”

Section: Are People With Psychiatric Disorders Dangerous Drivers?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric conditions with relevance to fitness to drive

Harris¹

2000

Adv. psychiatr. treat

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In the interest of road safety, driving license holders who suffer from a medical condition likely to affect fitness to drive must notify the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and not drive. The Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions (of the Department for the Environment, Transport and the Regions, DETR) has the responsibility, via his Medical Advisers at the Drivers Medical Unit of the DVLA, to ensure that all licence holders are fit to drive.

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“…En fait, [11]. La qualité de la conduite semble favorablement améliorée par la prise en charge thérapeutique [12]. La nature des accidents impliquant des personnes ayant des troubles mentaux est particulière; il a été constaté une fréquence relativement élevée d'accidents ne comprenant qu'un seul véhicule [13] et le rôle important des traitements psychotropes dans la survenue des faits [14,15].…”

Section: Résuméunclassified

Troubles mentaux et aptitude à la conduite: une étude cas-témoin

2001

Swiss Arch Neurol Psychiatr

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A Statistical Study on the Relationship Between Mental Illness and Traffic Accidents???A Pilot Study

Cited by 6 publications

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Psychiatric illness and subsequent traumatic brain injury: a case control study

Psychiatric illness and subsequent traumatic brain injury: a case control study

Psychiatric conditions with relevance to fitness to drive

Troubles mentaux et aptitude à la conduite: une étude cas-témoin

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