A Statistical Study on the Climatology of the Equatorial Plasma Depletions Occurrence at Topside Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Disturbed Periods

Wan, Xiaoxia; Xiong, Chao; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Kedeng; Zheng, Zhichao; He, Yangfan; Yu, Lei

doi:10.1029/2019ja026926

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The occurrence of super storm IBIs increases within the pre-midnight period during summer months and sunset during equinoxes. The low occurrence of super EPBs in comparison with moderate EPBs during summer months within the sunset is in agreement with the authors of [53] who found that the number of post-sunset EPBs during quiet periods is larger than those observed during disturbed periods. This low occurrence of super storm IBIs during summer months (sunset) is reversed in local time during equinoxes, which is a novel feature of IBIs in our analysis.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of Ibis At the Altitudes Of Swarm Satell...supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Also, it is worth noting that the large electron density during equinoxes [55] is considered the main reason behind the large equinoctial IBIs. Also, the authors of [53] proposed that the increase in the background plasma density at the topside F region improves the EPB development in two ways: by enhancing the growth of EPD along the flux tube or by maintaining EPB rising upward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these studies investigated the effect of a single storm on the ionosphere. Also, the authors of [53] found that the PPEF is the main driver of post-sunset EPBs during the storm onset, while afterward, the DDEF is the main driver of enhanced predawn EPBs and the suppression post-sunset and at midnight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Statistical Analysis of Plasma Bubbles Observed by Swarm Constellation during Different Types of Geomagnetic Storms

2021

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Based on the observations of Ionospheric Bubble Index (IBI) data from the Swarm mission, the characteristics of plasma bubbles are investigated during different types of geomagnetic storms recorded from 2014 to 2020. The geometrical constellation of the Swarm mission enabled us to investigate the altitudinal profile of the IBIs during different activity levels in a statistical mean. Results show that the majority of IBIs associated with moderate storms are observed at low altitudes and the probability of observing IBIs at high altitudes (Swarm-B) increases with the increase in storm level. This is confirmed by observing the F2 layer peak height (hmF2) during super storm events at larger altitudes using COSMIC data. The maximum number of IBIs is recorded within the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region with a long duration time and tends to increase only during dusk time. Both the large duration time and number of IBIs over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) suggest that the gradient in the electron density and the depression in the magnetic field are the main factors controlling IBI events. Also, the IBIs at high altitudes are larger at sunset and at low altitudes pre-midnight. In addition, the occurrence of IBIs is always larger in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere irrespective of the type of storm, as well as during the summer months. Moreover, there is no correlation between the duration time of IBIs and both the altitudinal observation of the IBIs and the storm type. Seasonal occurrence of IBIs is larger during equinoxes and vice versa during solstices irrespective of both the type of storm and the altitude of the satellite. The large number of IBIs during equinoxes agrees with the previous studies, which expect that the large electron density is a developer of steeper . Large occurrences of super storm IBIs observed within the pre-midnight during summer and at sunset during equinoxes are a novel observation that needs further investigation. Also, the majority of IBIs are observed a few hours after geomagnetic substorms, which reflects the role of the Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field (DDEF) as a main driver of IBIs.

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Section: Seasonal Variations Of Ibis At the Altitudes Of Swarm Satell...supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Statistical Analysis of Plasma Bubbles Observed by Swarm Constellation during Different Types of Geomagnetic Storms

2021

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“…The EPBs are sometimes confined within a narrow longitudinal range and even entirely suppressed during storm time (Carter et al, 2016;Nayak et al, 2017); on the contrary, they can also be significantly enhanced during storms, extending to higher latitudes (Ma GY and Maruyama, 2006;Cherniak and Zakharenkova, 2016) or covering a wide longitudinal range (Tulasi Ram et al, 2008;Li GZ et al, 2010). A statistical analysis from the ROCSAT-1 observaions during 181 geomagnetic storms indicated that the occurrence of EPBs shows typical dependences on local time and storm phases (Wan X et al, 2019). For example, EPB is enhanced shortly at the post-sunset sector during storm onset, but afterwards a long-lasting suppression dominates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of equatorial plasma bubbles during the geomagnetic storm of October 2016

Huang

Lei

Xiong

et al. 2021

Earth and Planetary Physics

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“…In addition, the nighttime ionospheric disturbances should also affect the generation and development of nighttime small-scale structures at low and equatorial latitudes and the Equatorial Plasma Irregularities (EPIs, also named as the equatorial plasma bubble or equatorial spread F), which can severely impact the trans-ionospheric radio wave signals (e.g., Basu & Basu, 1981;Xiong et al, 2016Xiong et al, , 2018, and pose threats to the satellite navigation (e.g., Kintner et al, 2001). As the growth of EPIs is tightly related to the background state of the thermosphere and ionosphere (e.g., Sultan, 1996;Carter et al, 2014;Wan et al, 2019), the investigation of EPIs will help diagnose the impact of a geomagnetic storm on the ionosphere-thermosphere coupling, which in turn further advances our understanding of the day-to-day variability of EPIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nighttime ionospheric response and occurrence of equatorial plasma irregularities during geomagnetic storms: a case study

et al. 2021

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Recent studies revealed that the long-lasting daytime ionospheric enhancements of Total Electron Content (TEC) were sometimes observed in the Asian sector during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms (e.g., Lei (J Geophys Res Space Phys 123: 3217–3232, 2018), Li (J Geophys Res Space Phys 125: e2020JA028238, 2020). However, they focused only on the dayside ionosphere, and no dedicated studies have been performed to investigate the nighttime ionospheric behavior during such kinds of storm recovery phases. In this study, we focused on two geomagnetic storms that happened on 7–8 September 2017 and 25–26 August 2018, which showed the prominent daytime TEC enhancements in the Asian sector during their recovery phases, to explore the nighttime large-scale ionospheric responses as well as the small-scale Equatorial Plasma Irregularities (EPIs). It is found that during the September 2017 storm recovery phase, the nighttime ionosphere in the American sector is largely depressed, which is similar to the daytime ionospheric response in the same longitude sector; while in the Asian sector, only a small TEC increase is observed at nighttime, which is much weaker than the prominent daytime TEC enhancement in this longitude sector. During the recovery phase of the August 2018 storm, a slight TEC increase is observed on the night side at all longitudes, which is also weaker than the prominent daytime TEC enhancement. For the small-scale EPIs, they are enhanced and extended to higher latitudes during the main phase of both storms. However, during the recovery phases of the first storm, the EPIs are largely enhanced and suppressed in the Asian and American sectors, respectively, while no prominent nighttime EPIs are observed during the second storm recovery phase. The clear north–south asymmetry of equatorial ionization anomaly crests during the second storm should be responsible for the suppression of EPIs during this storm. In addition, our results also suggest that the dusk side ionospheric response could be affected by the daytime ionospheric plasma density/TEC variations during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms, which further modulates the vertical plasma drift and plasma gradient. As a result, the growth rate of post-sunset EPIs will be enhanced or inhibited.

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A Statistical Study on the Climatology of the Equatorial Plasma Depletions Occurrence at Topside Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Disturbed Periods

Cited by 11 publications

References 60 publications

A Statistical Analysis of Plasma Bubbles Observed by Swarm Constellation during Different Types of Geomagnetic Storms

A Statistical Analysis of Plasma Bubbles Observed by Swarm Constellation during Different Types of Geomagnetic Storms

Observations of equatorial plasma bubbles during the geomagnetic storm of October 2016

The nighttime ionospheric response and occurrence of equatorial plasma irregularities during geomagnetic storms: a case study

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