A statistical industrial approach for the synthesis conditions of zeolites using fly ash and kaolinite

Ramírez-Zamora, Rosa-María; Solís-López, Myriam; Robles, Irma; Reyes-Vidal, Yolanda; Espejel‐Ayala, Fabricio

doi:10.1002/ep.12681

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…This work describes the synthesis of analcime using a kaolinitic rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy). Analcime has already been synthesized in the past from kaolin 22 , 33 , 40 , 41 , 51 – 53 , 65 . One of the fundamental problems identified in the attempts to synthesize analcime starting from kaolinite is the enormous difficulty of obtaining the mineral isolated from other phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among clay minerals, in fact, kaolinite is the most used phyllosilicate in the zeolitic synthesis because of its particularly large supply and availability and the well-known activity of thermally treated kaolin clays (metakaolin) when treated with alkali-based reagents 43 – 49 . Rios et al 50 treated kaolinite with NaOH and obtained co-crystallization of analcime and other zeolites; Hegazy et al 22 synthesized analcime by hydrothermal reaction of kaolin and commercial sodium silicate solution at 200 °C for 24 h under autogenous pressure; Atta et al 40 synthesized analcime from kaolin after 72 h aging and 24 h reaction time at temperature of 180 °C; Jamil et al 41 mixed Kaolinite, Ludox 40 and NaOH and get analcime after 30 min at 160 °C in a microwave system; Moraes et al 51 treated calcined kaolin and diatomaceous earth with NaOH at 210 °C for 24 h and obtained analcime with minor amounts or residual quartz; Kwaky-Awuah et al 52 synthesized powders of LTA, analcime and X zeolite starting from Kaolin and bauxite; Ramirez-Zamora et al 33 synthesized polimineralic powders of analcime by fly ash and kaolinite; Abdul-Moneim et al 53 treated kaolin with NaOH at 170 °C for 36 h and obtained co-crystallizations of analcime, cancrinite and sodalite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of analcime (ANA) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

Novembre

Gimeno

2021

Sci Rep

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Analcime is nowadays an important component in dental porcelain systems, in heterogeneous catalysis, in the nanoelectronic field, in selective adsorption and in stomatology (dental filling and prosthesis). Analcime synthesis from an impure, silica-rich kaolinite rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy) is here presented. A synthesis protocol is proposed that aims to make an improvement of synthesis conditions compared to the past. The hydrothermal treatment is in fact here achieved without aging times and without the use of sodium silicate or other additional silica source reported in the literature. Lower calcination temperature, synthesis temperature and crystallization time are verified in this work. The kaolin is subjected to calcination at the temperature of 650 °C and then mixed with NaOH. The experiment is performed at ambient pressure and 170 ± 0.1 °C. The degree of purity of analcime is calculated in 97.57% at 10 h. Analcime is characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and thermal analysis. Density is also calculated. Cell parameters and the amount of amorphous phase in the synthesis powders is estimated with quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods. The experimental conditions make the synthesis protocol particularly attractive from an economic point of view. Also this work does not use a commercial kaolin but silica-rich impure kaolinitic rock from a disused quarry. This further reduces the costs of the experimental protocol. It also gives the protocol an added value, as the synthesis of a useful mineral is obtained through the valorization of an otherwise unused georesource. Both chemical and physical characterization of analcime is satisfactory making the experimental protocol very promising for an industrial transfer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of analcime (ANA) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

Novembre

Gimeno

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, signals of feldspar appear in the pattern indicating the possible presence of calcium, sodium and potassium minerals; iron oxides signals are not observed. Amorphous halo shows the possibility to release silicon to synthesize SBA-15 material considering that vitreous or amorphous material are reactant to form zeolite type materials [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SBA-15 synthesis from sodium silicate prepared with sand and sodium hydroxide

Lázaro

Rodríguez-Valadéz

López

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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In the industry, sodium carbonate is used to prepare sodium silicate; however, this process generates great volumes of CO 2 . In this work, sodium hydroxide has been proposed to prepare sodium silicate using natural sand. Two experimental variables were considered, sodium hydroxide concentration and temperature to prepare sodium silicate. Results show the formation of sodium silicate with a NaOH:sand ratio = 1.1 at 550°C. Moreover, an economical revision was achieved to compare costs of sodium silicate with sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The use of sodium hydroxide permits to decrease CO 2 emissions generated in the decomposition of sodium carbonate. Additionally, the sodium silicate prepared herein was used to synthesize a zeolite type material, SBA-15. SBA-15 obtained has similar characteristics than the commercial mesoporous material. The use of sodium silicate prepared with non-pure sand for preparing mesoporous materials is an economical and friendly environmental alternative.

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“…It is a concern that the derivation of theoretical formula of the pullout factor expression is too difficult to be described in previous researches. However, the method of fitting the expression of material strength and material composition in the material field [25,26] shows that the data analysis methods can determine the effect of related factors and the form of expression when reliable data is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Bound Finite Element Limit Analysis of Pullout Characteristics of Normal-Stressed Circular Anchor Plate

Luo

Wei²,

Huang

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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In this paper, the pullout factor and failure mode of circular anchor plate at an inclined angle with the horizontal ground under the normal stress are studied with the method of the upper bound finite element limit analysis. The effects of soil cohesion, internal friction angle, anchor plate inclination angle, and embedded ratio on the pullout factor are investigated to reveal the evolution of fracture surface of the soil around anchor plate under limit state. It is noted that the analysis of variance is adopted to process a series of data related to pullout capacity for obtaining the expression of the anchor plate’s pullout factor. The results show that the internal friction angle is the key factor determining the pullout characteristics of the anchor plate. Particularly, the effect of the inclination angle on pullout capacity is highly correlated to the internal friction angle. For φ = 0 ° , failure zone around anchor plate is presented as localization plastic zone and pullout capacity is linearly related to soil cohesion. The effect of inclination angle on pullout resistance is less significant. For φ ≠ 0 ° , the failure mode around the anchor plate is developing into full failure zone extending from both sides of anchor plate to ground. It is clearly noted that angle between the failure surface and horizontal line is greatly affected by the inclination of the anchor plate. Moreover, the effect of the inclination angle on pullout factor increases with increasing internal friction angle, which should be considered in the evaluation of the pullout bearing characteristics of the inclined circular anchor plate.

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A statistical industrial approach for the synthesis conditions of zeolites using fly ash and kaolinite

Cited by 9 publications

References 111 publications

Synthesis and characterization of analcime (ANA) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

Synthesis and characterization of analcime (ANA) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

SBA-15 synthesis from sodium silicate prepared with sand and sodium hydroxide

Upper Bound Finite Element Limit Analysis of Pullout Characteristics of Normal-Stressed Circular Anchor Plate

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