A Statistical Analysis of the “Heartbeat” Behavior of GRS 1915+105

Weng, Shanshan; Wang, Tingting; Cai, Jing-Ping; Yuan, Qirong; Gu, Wei‐Min

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad9a6

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In this case, however, both peaks are consistent with being harmonically related to the main peak, forming a 1-2-3 harmonic series. 4 We note that this is only a representative case, and that GRS 1915+105 shows similar modulations at a variable period, which can be as long as ∼1000 s (Belloni et al 2000;Altamirano et al 2011;Weng et al 2018). Hence, the properties of the PDS change in time, and the harmonic relation highlighted above is not always observed nor consistently respected.…”

Section: Timing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The slow heartbeats of an ultra-luminous X-ray source in NGC 3621

Motta,

Marelli,

Pintore

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We report on the results of X-ray observations of 4XMM J111816.0-324910, a transient ultra-luminous X-ray source located in the galaxy NGC 3621. This system is characterised by a transient nature and marked variability with characteristic time-scale of ≈3500 s, differently from other ULXs, which in the vast majority show limited intra-observation variability. Such a behaviour is very reminiscent of the so-called heartbeats sometimes observed in the Galactic black hole binary GRS 1915+105, where the variability time-scale is ∼10-1000 s. We study the spectral and timing properties of this object and find that overall, once the differences in the variability time-scales are taken into account, they match quite closely those of both GRS 1915+105, and of a number of objects showing heartbeats in their light-curves, including a confirmed neutron star and a super-massive black hole powering an active galactic nucleus. We investigate the nature of the compact object in 4XMM J111816.0-324910 by searching for typical neutron star signatures and by attempting a mass estimate based on different methods and assumptions. Based on the current available data, we are not able to unambiguously determine the nature of the accreting compact object responsible for the observed phenomenology.

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Section: Timing Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The slow heartbeats of an ultra-luminous X-ray source in NGC 3621

Motta,

Marelli,

Pintore

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The two qualifying observable quantities of the ρ class spiking are the profile and the recurrence time of spikes. Several observations (see, for instance, Neilsen et al 2011;Weng et al 2018) have shown that the spike structure is highly variable and that it frequently can exhibit two or more peaks. However, in many occasions and over time intervals of several thousands of seconds, the mean profile appears to be stable (Massaro et al 2010).…”

Section: Structure and Period Of The ρ Class Spikesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non-linear mathematical model for the X-ray variability classes of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 – I. Quiescent, spiking states, and quasi-periodic oscillations

Massaro

Capitanio

Feroci

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The microquasar GRS 1915+105 is known to exhibit a very variable X-ray emission on different time-scales and patterns. We propose a system of two ordinary differential equations, adapted from the Hindmarsh–Rose model, with two dynamical variables x(t), y(t), and an input constant parameter J0, to which we added a random white noise, whose solutions for the x(t) variable reproduce consistently the X-ray light curves of several variability classes as well as the development of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO). We show that changing only the value of J0, the system moves from stable to unstable solutions and the resulting light curves reproduce those of the quiescent classes like ϕ and χ, the δ class and the spiking ρ class. Moreover, we found that increasing the values of J0 the system induces high-frequency oscillations that evolve into QPO when it moves into another stable region. This system of differential equations gives then a unified view of the variability of GRS 1915+105 in term of transitions between stable and unstable states driven by a single input function J0. We also present the results of a stability analysis of the equilibrium points and some considerations on the existence of periodic solutions.

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“…One of the most focused variability classes is the so-called "ρ" class (or "heartbeat" state). "Heartbeat" state is characterized by its regular flares, which last 40-200 s (Weng et al 2018). During the flare period, hardness ratio between different energy bands shows complex signatures (Neilsen et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight-HXMT View of the mHz Quasi-regular Modulation Phenomenon in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary 4U 1630–47

Yang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

ApJ

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Here we report the spectral-timing results of the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630–47 during its 2021 outburst using observations from the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT). Type C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in ∼1.6–4.2 Hz and quasi-regular modulation (QRM) near 60 mHz are detected during the outburst. The mHz QRM has a fractional rms of ∼10%–16% in the 8–35 keV energy band with a Q factor (frequency/width) of ∼2–4. Benefiting from the broad energy band of Insight-HXMT, we study the energy dependence of the ∼60 mHz QRM in 1–100 keV for the first time. We find that the fractional rms of the mHz QRM increases with photon energy, while the time lags of the mHz QRM are soft and decrease with photon energy. Fast recurrence of the mHz QRM, in a timescale of less than 1 hr, has been observed during the outburst. During this period, the corresponding energy spectra moderately change when the source transitions from the QRM state to the non-QRM state. The QRM phenomenon also shows a dependence with the accretion rate. We suggest that the QRM could be caused by an unknown accretion instability aroused from the corona.

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A Statistical Analysis of the “Heartbeat” Behavior of GRS 1915+105

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

The slow heartbeats of an ultra-luminous X-ray source in NGC 3621

The slow heartbeats of an ultra-luminous X-ray source in NGC 3621

A non-linear mathematical model for the X-ray variability classes of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 – I. Quiescent, spiking states, and quasi-periodic oscillations

An Insight-HXMT View of the mHz Quasi-regular Modulation Phenomenon in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary 4U 1630–47

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