A Static Tin–Manganese Battery with 30000-Cycle Lifespan Based on Stabilized Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ Redox Chemistry

Abstract

High-potential Mn3+/Mn2+ redox couple (>1.3 V vs SHE) in a static battery system is rarely reported due to the shuttle and disproportionation of Mn3+ in aqueous solutions. Herein, based on reversible stripping/plating of the Sn anode and stabilized Mn2+/Mn3+ redox couple in the cathode, an aqueous Sn–Mn full battery is established in acidic electrolytes. Sn anode exhibits high deposition efficiency, low polarization, and excellent stability in acidic electrolytes. With the help of H+ and a complexing agent, a reversible conversion between Mn2+ and Mn3+ ions takes place on the graphite surface. Pyrophosphate ligand is initially employed to form a protective layer through a complexation process with Sn4+ on the electrode surface, effectively preventing Mn3+ from disproportionation and hindering the uncontrollable diffusion of Mn3+ to electrolytes. Benefiting from the rational design, the full battery delivers satisfied electrochemical performance including a large capacity (0.45 mAh cm–2 at 5 mA cm–2), high discharge plateau voltage (>1.6 V), excellent rate capability (58% retention from 5 to 30 mA cm–2), and superior cycling stability (no decay after 30 000 cycles). The battery design strategy realizes a robustly stable Mn3+/Mn2+ redox reaction, which broadens research into ultrafast acidic battery systems.

Carbon‐anchored Sb nanoparticles as high‐capacity and stable anode for aqueous alkaline batteries

“…15 The SEM characterization of CNSOH is shown in Figure S10. ), 25 FCO//Zn battery (0.24 mAh cm −2 , 4 mAcm −2 ), 26 Zn-MnO 2 Battery (0.28 mAh cm −2 , 4 mAcm −2 ), 27 AGrE//Sn full battery (0.45 mAh cm −2 , 5mAcm −2 ), 28 NCM@CC-3// Zn@CC battery (1.78 mAh cm −2 , 5 mAcm −2 ) 29 and Ni//Bi battery (1.79 mAh cm −2 , 4 mAcm −2 ), 30 and so on. The cycling stability performance of the Ni//Sb battery was also explored.…”

“…To fully evaluate the electrochemical performance of the Ni//Sb battery, the comparison of the area capacity between our as‐prepared battery and other reported alkaline aqueous batteries is plotted in Figure 5D. The areal capacity of Ni//Sb battery in this work remarkably outstrip most aqueous batteries, such as P–NiCo 2 O 4−x //Zn battery (0.19 mAh cm −2 , 4 mAcm −2 ), 25 FCO//Zn battery (0.24 mAh cm −2 , 4 mAcm −2 ), 26 Zn‐MnO 2 Battery (0.28 mAh cm −2 , 4 mAcm −2 ), 27 AGrE//Sn full battery (0.45 mAh cm −2 , 5 mAcm −2 ), 28 NCM@CC‐3//Zn@CC battery (1.78 mAh cm −2 , 5 mAcm −2 ) 29 and Ni//Bi battery (1.79 mAh cm −2 , 4 mAcm −2 ), 30 and so on. The cycling stability performance of the Ni//Sb battery was also explored.…”

An Organic Coordination Manganese Complex as Cathode for High‐Voltage Aqueous Zinc‐metal Battery

“…Then, the three leachates were characterized by UV/Vis. Figure 3f shows that a characteristic absorption peak of Mn 3 + À P 2 O 7 4À complex [12,31,32] at around 258 nm exists in the charged states, and the peak disappears in the discharged state. Based on the above chemical and optical characterizations, the Scheme of reaction mechanism of PALÀ Mn was shown in Figure 3g.…”

“…Recently, Mn 3 + /Mn 2 + redox couple (1.51 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode (SHE)) attracted attention of researchers. [12] Although Mn 3 + /Mn 2 + redox couple has high voltage (1.51 V vs. SHE), it still requires an acidic environment, which inevitably challenges the zinc metal anodes. Hence, is it possible to achieve high-voltage Mn 3 + /Mn 2 + redox couple in a weakly acidic environment?…”

“…Therefore, new redox couples based on manganese are needed to be developed. Recently, Mn 3+ /Mn 2+ redox couple (1.51 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode (SHE)) attracted attention of researchers [12] . Although Mn 3+ /Mn 2+ redox couple has high voltage (1.51 V vs. SHE), it still requires an acidic environment, which inevitably challenges the zinc metal anodes.…”