A state-of-the-art review: toward a novel vehicle dynamics control concept taking the driveline of electric vehicles into account as promising control actuators

Abstract

The era of the electrification of vehicle drivelines is rapidly approaching. Motors are capable of providing controls with response and accuracy two orders of magnitude greater than internal combustion engines. It is also relatively simple to design a driveline capable of independently controlling the driving force at each wheel by providing compact motors throughout the vehicle. Although the potential of such driving force distribution control in improving vehicle dynamic performance has been a serious topic of research since even before the current wave of driveline electrification, the complex mechanisms required to realise these controls have prevented mass adoption. However, it seems that these research efforts are finally reaching a stage where practical adoption might be possible. This state-of-the-art review examines the background and most recent research related to vehicle dynamics control, particularly controls that use electrical drive units, and investigates the topics of interest and trends of a wide range of researchers. Subsequently, taking into account ongoing efforts to pair vehicle dynamics controls with electrical actuators, this review also discusses a novel control architecture that depart from control design methods formulated in the past by researchers across the field, and points the way toward the future of vehicle dynamics control research.

Path Tracking Control With Four-Wheel Independent Steering, Driving and Braking Systems for Autonomous Electric Vehicles

“…In (31), Ci is the cornering stiffness of each wheel, and  is the parameter used to tune the magnitude of Ci. In fact,  can be regarded as a slip ratio between tire and road surface [42]. In general, reducing  can enhance cornering performance because it generates larger i.…”

“…Another method is to use the definition of the slip angle, as given in (4) [12,17,18,[42][43][44]. Equation ( 4) is derived from the bicycle model.…”

“…So, it can be applied not to 4WIS but to FWS and 4WS. From ( 4) and (31), the steering angles of FWS and 4WS are calculated as (32) [42]. On the other hand, 4WIS has distinct slip angles for four wheels.…”

“…According to a careful review of the previous studies, 4WIS, 4WIB, and 4WID have been originally adopted for vehicle stability control [6,17,18,41,42]. On the contrary, there have been little studies on the path tracking control with a vehicle with 4WIS and/or 4WID [7,[10][11][12]14,15].…”

Optimizing regenerative braking on electric vehicles using a model-based algorithm in the antilock braking system

“…Many lives have been lost as a result of automobile accidents on the highway caused by braking. The antilock brake system (ABS) and the traction control system (TCS) may both be modified on the vehicle's dynamic control [4]. ABS gives a vehicle stability solution.…”