A state-of-the-art review of the electrocoagulation technology for wastewater treatment

Boinpally, Sriram; Kolla, Abhinav; Kainthola, Jyoti; Kodali, Ruthviz; Vemuri, Jayaprakash

doi:10.1016/j.watcyc.2023.01.001

Cited by 77 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Table S3 shows the advantages and disadvantages of single NF and hybrid EC/NF treatment technologies (Al‐Qodah et al, 2020; Boinpally et al, 2023; Han et al, 2015; Siddique et al, 2020; Tavangar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Various Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid electrochemical/membrane couplings processes for enhancing seawater pretreatment and desalination

Aouni,

Tounakti,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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This research focuses on boosting seawater pretreatment and desalination through electrocoagulation (EC)/ultrafiltration (UF) and electrocoagulation (EC)/nanofiltration (NF) processes. We first optimized the key parameters of the EC process using aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes. Experimental results show EC process is efficient under optimal conditions. Second, membrane filtration using UF (ES10B), NF(UTC60) and NF(200) as post‐processing steps to the EC process were experimented with. EC(Al)/NF(UTC60) combination resulted in the highest removal rate of organic matter (COD 98%, TOC 95%, fluorescence [humic and fulvic acids] 68%), optical density (OD600nm 75%, turbidity 70%, conductivity 64%). In terms of major ions removal, up to 55% was achieved as NF decreases conductivity, salinity, and hardness. EC(Al)/NF(UTC60) seawater permeate demonstrated the best results in terms of lowest flux decline (J/Jo = 0.9) and fouling, which was realized by resistance in series and recovery factor rate (%). Additionally, NF(UTC60) fouling reversibility led to a longer lifetime and higher recovery factor (93%).Practitioner Points Pretreatment by hybrid processes was experimented with to enhance the saline water treatment. Organic matter (COD 98%, TOC 95%, fluorescence [humic and fulvic acids] 68%) and turbidity were successfully removed. Salinity and hardness (conductivity 64%) were highly reduced by NF. Flux decline, retention rate, and membrane fouling were studied.

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Section: Advantages and Disadvantages Of Various Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid electrochemical/membrane couplings processes for enhancing seawater pretreatment and desalination

Aouni,

Tounakti,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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“…Where m is the mass of anode dissolved, I is the current, T is the time of operation, Mw is the molecular weight of the material, F is the Faraday constant (96,485C/mol), and Z is the number of electrons that are involved in the reaction. As shown in the equation, the reduction of water on the cathode results in the formation of hydrogen gas and hydroxyl ions (2). As shown in equations ( 3) and ( 4), the metal driven into the anode dissociates into a metal ion (Mn) (4).…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy flocs tend to drop to the bottom and condense into sludge, which can be effectively removed in a variety of ways. [2] D. Syam Babu and etal studied and explained the mechanism of electrocoagulation. EC is a separation method that uses both chemical and physical mechanisms to remove pollutants.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment Using Electrocoagulation: Review

2023

IRJMETS

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Due to its versatility, ease of setup, low footprint, and eco-friendliness, electrocoagulation (EC) is a prominent wastewater treatment alternative that has been extensively researched for a wide range of wastewater types. The following hybrid EC processes are currently being researched: EC-adsorption, EC-peroxidation, ECchemical coagulation (CC), photovoltaic EC, and EC-membrane. The hybrid EC-membrane process undisputedly stands out as the future of wastewater treatment due to its overall low carbon footprint requirement, environmental sustainability, and strong potential for continuous operation without the necessity of extensive control. The efficiency of electrocoagulation is affected by current density, anode-cathode gap, electrode arrangement, composition, and shape; initial pollutant concentration; solution composition and pH; and electrolysis time. The dramatic rise in urbanization and industrialization has significantly increased the amount and variety of waste, particularly wastewater, generated. Wastewater contains a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been developed. It has taken several decades to tackle the increasing concern regarding effective pollutant removal from wastewater. Electrocoagulation (EC) is one such broad-based, highly reliable, and cost-effective technology. Additionally, it boasts a high pollutant extraction efficiency and produces less sludge than other techniques. Despite being used effectively to treat a wide range of wastewater, a thorough examination of its efficiency under various process variables has not been critically analyzed.

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“…So, it is necessary to include economic considerations in optimizing a given system. Another primary obstacle encountered in the widespread implementation of EC systems lies in the phenomenon known as electrode passivation [139].…”

Section: Challenges and Future Research Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Response Surface Methodology in Electrocoagulation for Process Optimization and Parametric Analysis

Akhtar,

Suleman,

Gillani

et al. 2023

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Electrocoagulation (EC) is a well‐recognized and feasible treatment technique for wastewater treatment. The process optimization and analysis of process parameters of EC not only aid to scale up the EC process at an industrial level but also help to explore the economic and environmental considerations to achieve higher efficiency. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a prominent chemometric approach for both process optimization and evaluation of different factors for the removal of target pollutants from wastewater. This review provides a thorough examination of notable scholarly works that focus on the use of the RSM in EC for the purpose of wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the current advancements in implementing the RSM approach not only for standalone EC processes but also for the case are described where it is being practiced as a part in the integrating system for wastewater treatment.

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A state-of-the-art review of the electrocoagulation technology for wastewater treatment

Cited by 77 publications

References 63 publications

Hybrid electrochemical/membrane couplings processes for enhancing seawater pretreatment and desalination

Hybrid electrochemical/membrane couplings processes for enhancing seawater pretreatment and desalination

Wastewater Treatment Using Electrocoagulation: Review

Utilization of Response Surface Methodology in Electrocoagulation for Process Optimization and Parametric Analysis

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