“…The LS-SVM algorithm is a typical classification and regression method, and it features the advantages of acceptable accuracy in high dimensional systems and quick computation capability. Other classification and regression methods, such as relevance vector machine ( Guo et al., 2021 ) and random forest ( Mawonou et al., 2021 ), can also be leveraged to estimate battery SoH. Moreover, this protocol can also be extended to other machine learning algorithms such as neural networks (including Elman neural network ( Li et al., 2019 ), extreme learning machine ( Chen et al., 2021 ), long-short term memory recurrent neural network ( Li et al., 2020 ), gated recurrent unit based neural network ( Chen et al., 2022 )).…”