A state-of-art review on performance improvement of dielectric resonator antennas

Dash, Sounik Kiran Kumar; Khan, Taimoor; Antar, Yahia M. M.

doi:10.1002/mmce.21270

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…When the DR is excited at suitable radiating modes, the standing waves propagate from the radiator wall and starts radiating into free space. The walls of the resonator are partially transparent to EM waves that allow them to radiate into the free space . The shape of the block, overall physical dimensions and permittivity of DR material determine the resonant frequency of DRA.…”

Section: An Overview Of Drasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circular polarization is achieved by the incorporation of two vertical microstrip lines, attached to the DR in space quadrature to generate orthogonal modes. Theoretically, to calculate the dimensions of CDRA at a particular resonant frequency (fundamental mode [ f res, HEM11δ ]), empirical formulae are given as follows:

f_{res ((), {HEM}_{11 δ})} = \frac{6.324 c}{2 italicπd \sqrt{ε_{eff} + 2}} ([], 0.27 + 0.36 ((), \frac{d}{4 h_{eff}}) + 0.02 {(\frac{d}{4 h_{eff}})}^{2})

where, ε eff is the effective permittivity of the DRA, d is the diameter of the CDRA, h eff is the total height (substrate and DR) of the antenna, and ε eff and h eff can be calculated by:

ε_{eff} = \frac{h_{eff}}{\frac{h_{dra}}{ε_{cdra}} + \frac{h_{sub}}{ε_{sub}}},

h_{eff} = h_{dra} + h_{sub}

where, h dra is the height of DRA, h sub is the height of substrate, ε cdra is the dielectric constant of cylindrical DR and ε sub is the dielectric constant of the substrate. The advantages of CDRA is ease of fabrication, design flexibility, and ability to excite different modes within the same structure, as a result of, broadside and the omnidirectional radiation pattern is observed.…”

Section: An Overview Of Drasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is mainly attributed to the fact that DRAs do not suffer from conduction losses and characterize by high radiation efficiency, when the feed is excited properly. For bringing a new horizon, an overview of basic shapes DRAs and a complete state‐of‐the‐art for mm‐wave DRAs are presented, as a comparative focus. Then, a working methodology in the form of design, simulation, and analysis of basic shaped DRAs at 60 GHz mm‐wave frequency band are reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and its state‐of‐the‐art of different shaped dielectric resonator antennas at millimeter‐wave frequency band

Meher

Behera

Mishra

2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This review article provides an extensive literature survey on the research progress of dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) at millimeter‐wave frequency band that includes concepts of DRAs, their empirical formulae and design methodologies for different shaped DRAs at 60 GHz frequency band. The different shaped DRAs such as cylindrical, rectangular, hexagonal, and octagonal at 60 GHz are designed, simulated and analyzed using CST microwave studio solver. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth of cylindrical, rectangular, hexagonal, and octagonal DRAs are 52.7 to 62.8 GHz, 57 to 62.2 GHz, 55.8 to 64.2 GHz, and 54.2 to 63.5 GHz, respectively. The idea behind getting broad impedance bandwidth is due to use of double‐layer substrate with different permittivity (εr1 = 4 and εr2 = 11.9). Empirical formulae are deduced for hexagonal and octagonal DRA, by studying the analogy of dielectric resonator geometry. Consequently, the mode of different shaped DRAs, that is, HEM111 and TE111 are investigated by the electric field and magnetic field distribution. With these analysis, a comprehensive research review over the period of the last two decades is carried for investigating various techniques, targeted to realized gain, circular polarization, and impedance bandwidth. Along with these analysis the state‐of‐the‐art at different shaped DRAs at mm‐wave frequency band are also reported.

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Section: An Overview Of Drasmentioning

confidence: 99%

f_{res ((), {HEM}_{11 δ})} = \frac{6.324 c}{2 italicπd \sqrt{ε_{eff} + 2}} ([], 0.27 + 0.36 ((), \frac{d}{4 h_{eff}}) + 0.02 {(\frac{d}{4 h_{eff}})}^{2})

where, ε eff is the effective permittivity of the DRA, d is the diameter of the CDRA, h eff is the total height (substrate and DR) of the antenna, and ε eff and h eff can be calculated by:

ε_{eff} = \frac{h_{eff}}{\frac{h_{dra}}{ε_{cdra}} + \frac{h_{sub}}{ε_{sub}}},

h_{eff} = h_{dra} + h_{sub}

Section: An Overview Of Drasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and its state‐of‐the‐art of different shaped dielectric resonator antennas at millimeter‐wave frequency band

Meher

Behera

Mishra

2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…We contribute to the knowledge governing material selection, the fabrication techniques involved, and in certain areas propose novel techniques in the realization of these devices. The applications of dielectric materials either as dielectric substrates, spacers, or resonators have been widely discussed in other frequency regions, such as microwave and higher far‐infrared (FIR) frequency . Other reviews in the terahertz frequency have not particularly focused on the material properties and fabrication techniques of dielectric materials for terahertz devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Ako

Upadhyay

Withayachumnankul

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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on distinctive spectral signatures resulting from vibrational modes of covalent and hydrogen bonds. [8,[13][14][15][16] The focus on this spectrally rich region is attributed to the highly coherent and nonionizing nature of terahertz radiation, wide unallocated frequency bands, distinctive wavelengths, and their penetration through a significant depth of dielectric materials. Terahertz technology is geared toward realizing devices that can efficiently manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of terahertz radiations for the above-mentioned myriad of applications.However, progress in this domain is held back by low terahertz power available from compact sources, high free-space path loss, and limited choice of materials that exhibit less absorption of terahertz waves. [17] Owing to the fact that natural materials demonstrate weak wave-matter interaction at terahertz frequencies, terahertz devices with engineered subwavelength resonant metallic inclusions on dielectric spacers have been realized, to interact strongly with an incident electromagnetic wave.In the past, metamaterials have been a promising route to building terahertz devices. These devices have in essence been engineered as 3D resonating elements that effectively manipulate both permittivity and permeability of an effective medium to couple to free space. The underlining disadvantage of these structures is the difficulty involved in the fabrication of 3D geometrical structures using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. Standard fabrication techniques are generally amenable to 2D design with extrusion of these structures into thickness (the third, vertical dimension). Moreover, the choice and availability of dielectric materials and metals that provide sufficient interaction while retaining device efficiency has proved challenging. [13,[18][19][20] Recently, effective manipulation of electromagnetic wave has been widely demonstrated with 2D metasurfaces, which were originally employed as building blocks for 3D metamaterials. In these lower-dimension designs, effective manipulation of terahertz waves for various applications is achieved by carefully designing sub-wavelength resonant structures as is evident in published review articles. [21,22] Metasurfaces present high degree of compactness that enhances radiation efficiency. Additionally, the planar form factor of metasurfaces enables Manipulation of terahertz radiation opens new opportunities that underpin application areas in communication, security, material sensing, and characterization. Metasurfaces employed for terahertz manipulation of phase, amplitude, or polarization of terahertz waves have limitations in radiation efficiency which is attributed to losses in the materials constituting the devices. Metallic resonators-based terahertz devices suffer from high ohmic losses, while dielectric substrates and spacers with high relative permittivity and loss tangent also reduce bandwidth and efficiency. To overcome these issues, a proper choice of low loss and low relative permittivi...

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“…The several modeling techniques and applications have already been well discussed by the authors in two review articles,, respectively. Few other limited review articles have also been published in the open lierature. The available book and review articles mainly highlights different performances (such as gain, circular polarization, and mutual coupling reduction) in DRAs as well as in hybrid shape DRAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in bandwidth improvement of dielectric resonator antennas

Dash

Khan

2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This article shows a compressed chronological overview of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) emphasizing the developments targeting to bandwidth performance characteristics in last three and half decades. The research articles available in open literature give strong information about the innovation and rapid developments of DRAs since 1980s. The sole intention of this review article is to, (a) highlight the novel researchers and to analyze their effective and innovative research carried out on DRA for the furtherance of its performance in terms of only bandwidth and bandwidth with other characteristics, (b) give a practical prediction of future of DRA as per the past and current state-of-art condition, and (c) provide a conceptual support to the antenna modelers for further innovations as well as miniaturization of the existing ones. In addition some of the significant observations made during the review can be noted as follows; (a) hybrid shape DRAs with Sierpinski and Minkowski fractal DRAs seems comfortable in obtaining wideband as well as multiband, (b) combination of multiple resonant modes (preferably lower modes) can lead to wider impedance bandwidth, (c) at proper matching wider patch with slotted dielectric resonator can exhibit better bandwidth.

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A state-of-art review on performance improvement of dielectric resonator antennas

Cited by 42 publications

References 166 publications

Design and its state‐of‐the‐art of different shaped dielectric resonator antennas at millimeter‐wave frequency band

Design and its state‐of‐the‐art of different shaped dielectric resonator antennas at millimeter‐wave frequency band

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Recent developments in bandwidth improvement of dielectric resonator antennas

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