A State of Art and Prospects of Used Pneumatic Tires Management (Review)

2023

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The purpose of the research was to carry out a critical analysis of the structural and technological design of the process of incineration of municipal solid waste» (MSW). Data on the volume of solid waste generation in the world, Ukraine and Kyiv are given, the need to improve ways of effective solid waste management, in particular their disposal, is shown. A classification of furnaces and furnaces for solid waste burning has been developed. Designs of the specified technological equipment were analyzed depending on the power (productivity), the nature of the MSW incineration process over time, the possibility of movement in space, as well as the mechanism of the incineration process. A critical review of the most common designs of furnaces and furnaces, including layer, rotary, fluidized bed, cyclone, shaft, with a liquid melt bath, as well as floor furnaces and furnaces, is performed. A critical review of the most common designs of furnaces and furnaces, including layer, rotary, fluidized bed, cyclone, shaft, with a liquid melt bath, as well as floor furnaces and furnaces, is performed. This review is primarily based on a critical analysis of scientific and technical sources of information and, above all, patent information of the leading countries of the world, since it is the patent documentation that provides information on innovative developments in the relevant field of engineering and technology. Analysis of the current state and prospects for the use of furnaces and furnaces for MSW incineration shows that the appropriate technological equipment for MSW incineration, as one of the simplest and most effective for obtaining thermal and/or electrical energy and disposing of waste, will be used for solid waste processing for a long time to come. The main efforts are aimed at creating high-performance universal energy-efficient equipment, characterized by low material consumption, ease of maintenance and low negative impact on the environment and human health. Bibl. 62, Fig. 17.

Section: печі та топки для спалювання твердих побутових відходів (огл...unclassified

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Furnaces (Review)

2023

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State and Prospects of Handling Glass Waste (Review)

2022

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The basic data on the volume of world production of glass and glass products are presented. The ways of handling glass products that have lost their consumer properties are analyzed. The difference between glass waste and other solid waste is shown from the point of view of the possibility of their repeated recycling without loss of operational properties, as well as extremely slow decomposition in natural conditions. The main methods of handling glass waste are considered and a critical analysis of each of them is given. Particular attention is paid to the methods of recycling and disposal of glass waste, which make it possible to effectively use recycled glass raw materials directly for their intended purpose with their inherent operational properties. The use of glass waste in the composition of building materials and products is promising: concrete, asphalt, bricks, tiles, heat and sound insulation materials and products. However, before organizing the production of the corresponding products, thorough research should be carried out, primarily from the point of view of the effect on glass-containing materials and products of an alkaline-silica reaction (ASR), which can lead to cracking and premature destruction of the corresponding product. The main ways of solving the problem of glass waste are proposed. Bibl. 77, Fig. 1, Tab. 1.

State and Prospects of Handling Metal-Containing Household Waste

2022

The basic data on the volume of the formation of household (municipal) metal-containing waste, in particular, aluminum cans for drinks, cans, waste electrical and electronic equipment, electrical power sources (batteries and galvanic cells), as well as lighting lamps. The main methods of handling the indicated waste are considered and their critical analysis is presented. Particular attention is paid to the recycling and disposal of common waste such as waste electrical and electronic equipment, chemical sources of electrical current, and lighting lamps. Taking into account the rapid growth in the consumption of electrical and electronic products, it is shown that now there is a tendency not so much to improve the methods of disposal of the corresponding waste, but to ensure the production of more durable goods that provide for the possibility of their repair. A gradual transition from the 3R strategy (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) to the 10R strategy (Refuse, Rethink, Reconsider, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, Recycle, Recover) is proposed. At the same time, the development of effective technologies for extracting not only traditional iron, aluminum, copper and their alloys from metal-containing household waste is not removed from the agenda, but also more scarce metals, including rare earth and heavy metals, as well as platinum group metals, which will allow significantly reduce the man-made load on the environment. Bibl. 69, Table 1.