A standardless method of quantitative X-ray diffractometry using target-transformation factor analysis

Starks, T. H.; Fang, J. H.; Zevin, L.

doi:10.1007/bf01029886

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For n samples, each containing less than n crystal phases and one non-crystalline phase, the situation changes. If Xj stands for the weight fraction of noncrystalline phase in sample j , D: represents the total content of crystalline phases in sample j , then: where Uj can be calculated from the result of chemical constant depending on the nature of phase i and the geomanalysis, or Uj/U s can be determined with the mixing sample method (Zevin, 1977;Gou, 1985). If the content of some one phase has been measured by other means, the value of Uj/U s can also be calculated by Equation (3).…”

Section: Methods and Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

General Expression of Quantitative Phase Analysis for Samples Containing Amorphous Phase

Wang¹,

Xincheng²

1991

Powder Diffr.

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A general expression for the method of QXRPD without standards is given in this paper to solve the problem of phase analysis on samples containing a non-crystalline component. Its application to some specific cases is discussed. The experiments have proved successful in the analysis of cement and sand-lime samples. The technique may also be applicable for the analysis of fly-ash, glass, ceramics, and metals. It is especially convenient in the study of kinetics and mechanism of reactions when the chemical composition of all samples does not change, because it is not necessary to know the mass absorption coefficient of samples. In the mathematical treatment of non-linear equations given in this paper, a method called linearized iteration procedure is first presented by the author.

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Section: Methods and Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

General Expression of Quantitative Phase Analysis for Samples Containing Amorphous Phase

Wang¹,

Xincheng²

1991

Powder Diffr.

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“…Starks et al . (1984) determined quantitative oxide and phase compositions by applying target-transformation factor analysis on bulk chemistry and XRD intensity data. Liao and Chen (1992) used cluster analysis for powder XRD to classify diffraction lines and assign them to phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A far more elaborate application of statistical methods for information discovery is documented by Azari (2010), whose study applied all possible subset regression, alternating conditional expectation, and PCA to model the heat of hydration from phase composition and fineness data. Starks et al (1984) determined quantitative oxide and phase compositions by applying target-transformation factor analysis on bulk chemistry and XRD intensity data. Liao and Chen (1992) used cluster analysis for powder XRD to classify diffraction lines and assign them to phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using exploratory factor analysis to examine consecutive in-situ X-ray diffraction measurements

et al. 2015

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A method is presented to examine consecutive in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractograms using exploratory factor analysis. Systematic changes in the diffractograms are described numerically by score values that could be used to correlate diffraction data with other non-stationary sample properties. Phase and structure evolution in a reacting material can be studied by in-situ XRD. The consecutively collected data can be considered a time series of datasets. Time series are non-stationary data. Such non-stationary data are often hard to examine fully by conventional evaluation methods including applications of the Rietveld method. Here a method is presented to avoid shortcomings of conventional evaluation methods. The new method helps to identify and describe significant systematic changes in in-situ XRD datasets by numerical values. These systematic changes can represent structural changes as well as changes in phase composition. The method can be used to describe the development of the complex processes of compositional and structural changes. The method is demonstrated using the example of a hydrating Portland cement mortar. This hydration process involves at least 11 phases including non-crystalline phases. In the presented example factor analysis of in-situ XRD data results in three variables (factors) describing the observed changes numerically.

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“…(a) Standardless analysis methods based on X-ray data only (MOORE, 1965;SALYN & DRITS, 1972;ZEVIN, 1977;FIALA, 1980;STARKS et al, 1984;FANG and ZEVIN, 1985;RIUS et al 1987;BISH and POST, 1993;ESTEVE et al, 1997b;ZANGALIS, 1998). Below are presented two different cases of these methods, described for quantitative X-ray analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Below are presented two different cases of these methods, described for quantitative X-ray analysis. (b) Standardless methods based on chemical and X-ray data simultaneously (ZANGALIS, 1991(ZANGALIS, , 1998STARKS et al, 1984;WANG & PU, 1991). Here the number of phases is considered to be given and one or more nonoverlapping reflections correspond to each phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Phase Analysis of Mixtures of Three Components using Rietveld and Rius Standardless Methods. Comparative Results

Esteve

Ochando

Reventós

et al. 2000

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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A standardless method of quantitative X-ray diffractometry using target-transformation factor analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

General Expression of Quantitative Phase Analysis for Samples Containing Amorphous Phase

General Expression of Quantitative Phase Analysis for Samples Containing Amorphous Phase

Using exploratory factor analysis to examine consecutive in-situ X-ray diffraction measurements

Quantitative Phase Analysis of Mixtures of Three Components using Rietveld and Rius Standardless Methods. Comparative Results

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