A standardized psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients

Krawiecka, M.; Goldberg, David; Vaughan, Margaret

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00174.x

Cited by 670 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Here, as with depression measurements, no systematic differences were evident between the findings obtained by studies using different assessment measures. (Hamilton, 1967) IRAOS = Interview for the Retrospective Assessment of the Onset of Schizophrenia (Häfner et al, 1992) MADRS = Montgomery-Asperg Depression Rating Scale (Montgomery & Asberg, 1979) MSCS = Montgomery Schizophrenia Change Scale (Montgomery, Taylor, & Montgomery, 1978) PANSS = Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (Kay, Fiszbein, & Opler, 1987) PAS = Psychiatric Assessment Scale (Krawiecka, Goldberg, & Vaughan, 1977) PDI = Peters Delusions Inventory (Peters, Joseph, & Garety, 1999) PSE = Present State Examination (Wing, Cooper, & Sartorius, 1974) PSYRATS = Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (Haddock et al, 1999) SADS = The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Endicott & Spitzer, 1978) SANS = Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (Andreasen, 1983) SAPS = Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (Andreasen, 1984) SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (Spitzer, Williams, Gibbon, & First, 1992) SIPS = Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (Miller et al, 2002) …”

Section: Methodsological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Vorontsova¹,

Garety²,

Freeman³

2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Depression is common in people with schizophrenia, but how it might directly contribute to the persistence of psychotic symptoms has rarely been tested. The key aim of the present study was to test whether depression and associated cognitive processes predict the maintenance of persecutory delusions. Three groups of participants were tested at baseline: 60 patients with persecutory delusions in the context of a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, 30 patients with depression, and 30 nonclinical controls. They completed interviewer and self-report assessments of depression and paranoia, and measures of six cognitive factors (schematic beliefs, experiential avoidance, autobiographical memory, problem solving, rumination, worry style). The patients with persecutory delusions were then assessed again, six months later. It was found that 50% of the patients with persecutory delusions met diagnostic criteria for major depression. Cognitive processes found to be associated with depression across the groups were negative schematic beliefs about the self, experiential avoidance and rumination, but not autobiographical memory or problem solving. The severity of initial depression in patients with persecutory delusions predicted the persistence of paranoia over six months. A number of cognitive factors also predicted the persistence of persecutory delusions, including negative schematic beliefs about the self, worry, and problem-solving difficulties. In conclusion, depression is common in patients with current persecutory delusions, and it shows similar cognitive features to major depressive disorder. The results of this study indicate that depression and related processes may contribute to the maintenance of paranoia. Trials are warranted of depression-related therapeutic techniques for people with persecutory delusions.

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Section: Methodsological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Vorontsova¹,

Garety²,

Freeman³

2013

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…The quick test (Ammons & Ammons, 1962) was used as a brief measure of verbal IQ. The mental state of the patient was assessed using the Krawiecka Psychiatric Assessment Scale (Krawiecka et al 1977). Nine variables were rated -depression, anxiety, coherently expressed delusions, hallucinations, incoherence\irrelevance of speech, poverty of speech, flattening of affect, incongruity of affect, psychomotor retardation -each on a five point scale of 0-4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Errorless learning and the cognitive rehabilitation of memory-impaired schizophrenic patients

et al. 1999

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Background. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that a significant proportion of schizophrenic patients have severe memory impairment, which cannot be attributed to the effects of medication, chronicity or institutionalization. Our group has demonstrated that memory impairment is associated with poor psychosocial outcome and treatment resistance. Work on the classical amnesic syndrome has suggested that memory training is facilitated by adopting an ' errorless learning ' approach, where subjects do not experience failure during learning. This is based on the theory that the preserved implicit memory of amnesic patients results in implicitly remembered incorrect responses interfering with target items, in the absence of a functioning explicit memory system to allow differentiation. Method. We compared three groups of subjects, memory-impaired schizophrenic patients, memory unimpaired schizophrenic patients and healthy controls.Results. An errorless learning approach conferred a significant advantage on the memory-impaired schizophrenic group, bringing their performance up to the level of both control groups. In contrast, adopting a traditional trial and error, or errorful approach resulted in markedly impaired performance in the memory-impaired schizophrenic group only. Conclusions. We conclude that errorless learning approaches may be worthy of further evaluation in the cognitive rehabilitation of memory-impaired schizophrenic patients.

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“…Thus a 'delusion of external control' would be preferred to 'social withdrawal'. Severity can be measured on linear severity scales similar to other psychopathology measures such as the Psychiatric Assessment Scale (Krawiecka et al 1977) or the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (Overall & Gorham, 1962). Specific rating scales of severity of schizophrenia are yet to be developed, although current attempts are in progress (Chapman & Chapman, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse in schizophrenia: a review of the concept and its definitions

Falloon¹,

Marshall²,

Boyd³

et al. 1983

Psychol. Med.

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The increasingly rigorous attention paid to the diagnosis of schizophrenia has not yet been extended to the development of reliable and valid criteria for describing the course of the illness. Over the past two decades the concept of 'relapse' has become the pre-eminent measure of the success of community treatment programmes of schizophrenia. However, to date there has been little effort to examine this measure critically, or to develop other measures to reflect the wide range of clinical outcome in schizophrenia. This issue is not new. Kraepelin has been faulted for his lack of clarity in discussing the association between the diagnosis of dementia praecox and a poor clinical outcome (WHO, 1975). Stressing that 'the general course of dementia praecox is very variable', he outlined several typical courses of the illness, all of which proceeded to terminal dementia (Kraepelin, 1919). He recognized the lack of specifically defined outcome criteria, citing reports showing recovery rates varying from 0 to 25%.Although Kraepelin remained sceptical that full recovery without any residual defect was possible, Meyer (1922) contended that functional recovery was possible and proposed that, in many cases, schizophrenia could be regarded as episodic, with relapses representing fresh attacks of the disease. Kraepelin acknowledged that 'more than half exhibit marked improvement', but noted that these recoveries 'give way sooner or later to a relapse'. In support of his thesis of incomplete remission, he observed that subsequent relapses almost always consisted of symptoms similar to those presented in the original episode. This consistency of symptom patterns was also reported by Bleuler (1911), who supported the notion that complete restoration of premorbid mental health was a rarity. Bleuler cautioned against attributing much significance to published reports regarding 'cure' rates, not only because of the subjective nature of such determinations, but also because of' the varying conditions of admission and relapse for each institution', which often play a greater role in defining discharge status than objective changes in psychopathology.Concern about the natural course of schizophrenia led these pioneers to focus discussion more upon the definition of remission, than its counterpart, relapse. Although concern regarding the course of the illness has continued (Vaillant, 1964;Huber et al. 1981), little attention has been paid to this matter in studies investigating the effectiveness of clinical interventions. With the advent of newer pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, emphasis has shifted to factors surrounding clinical exacerbation after the patient has been discharged from the hospital in a state of partial or complete clinical remission. The effectiveness of community aftercare has been measured in terms of failure to sustain these 'remissions' and, more often than not, by readmission of the patient to hospital. The latter is primarily a social intervention which, although usually associated with symptom e...

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A standardized psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients

Cited by 670 publications

References 6 publications

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Cognitive factors maintaining persecutory delusions in psychosis: The contribution of depression.

Errorless learning and the cognitive rehabilitation of memory-impaired schizophrenic patients

Relapse in schizophrenia: a review of the concept and its definitions

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