A standardized method for incorporation of drugs into food for use with Drosophila melanogaster

Kruger, Laken; Denton, Travis T.

doi:10.1016/j.ab.2020.113740

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In particular, climacostol was mixed to cooling down food into vials to obtain the final working concentration, making sure the concentration of ethanol (vehicle) was <0.5% to avoid unrelated effects. Although much flexibility in terms of the carrier solvent is allowed in the preparation of drug-infused-fly-food [ 31 ], our choice for ethanol vehicle comes from the fact that synthetic climacostol dissolved in absolute ethanol is highly stable in the dark at −20 °C [ 7 , 30 ]. A standard diet with the climacostol vehicle was used as the control diet.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to the Natural Compound Climacostol Induces Cell Damage and Oxidative Stress in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Catalani,

Brunetti,

Del Quondam

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The ciliate Climacostomum virens produces the metabolite climacostol that displays antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity on human and rodent tumor cells. Given its potential as a backbone in pharmacological studies, we used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate how the xenobiotic climacostol affects biological systems in vivo at the organismal level. Food administration with climacostol demonstrated its harmful role during larvae developmental stages but not pupation. The midgut of eclosed larvae showed apoptosis and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus demonstrating gastrointestinal toxicity. Climacostol did not affect enteroendocrine cell proliferation, suggesting moderate damage that does not initiate the repairing program. The fact that climacostol increased brain ROS and inhibited the proliferation of neural cells revealed a systemic (neurotoxic) role of this harmful substance. In this line, we found lower expression of relevant antioxidant enzymes in the larvae and impaired mitochondrial activity. Adult offsprings presented no major alterations in survival and mobility, as well the absence of abnormal phenotypes. However, mitochondrial activity and oviposition behavior was somewhat affected, indicating the chronic toxicity of climacostol, which continues moderately until adult stages. These results revealed for the first time the detrimental role of ingested climacostol in a non-target multicellular organism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to the Natural Compound Climacostol Induces Cell Damage and Oxidative Stress in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Catalani,

Brunetti,

Del Quondam

et al. 2024

Toxics

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show abstract

“…The eggs underwent complete metamorphosis, and adults started to emerge from the 10th day, which were then used as the stock for the experiment. A standardized method for incorporating drugs into food for Drosophila was utilized with slight modification (Kruger & Denton, 2020). Concentrations of lead acetate and resveratrol were prepared per 10g of diet based on their molecular weights (228.25g/mol and 325.29g/mol, respectively).…”

Section: Drosophila Stock Preparation and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Peanut Skin Ethanol Extract as Protective Agent against Lead Acetate-Induced Reproductive and Neuromuscular Toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster

Sani,

Muhammad,

Liman

et al. 2024

AfricArXiv

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Lead acetate exposure is known to cause reproductive and locomotor toxicities in various organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster. This study aimed to assess the ameliorative effects of peanut skin ethanol extract (PSE) against lead acetate-induced toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster. Fly body weight, larval locomotor activity, fecundity, and eclosion activity were evaluated as endpoints. Lead acetate exposure reduced fly body weight, larval locomotor activity and fecundity, and hindered the eclosion of adult flies. Co-treatment with PSE at different concentrations (LP1, LP2, LP3) further exacerbated these toxic effects, except when coadministered with resveratrol (LR), which mitigated the lead-induced locomotor dysfunction and increased fecundity. Co-treatment with PSE (LP1, LP3) or PSE alone (P1, P2, P3) exceptionally mitigated lead induced weight loss and increased the fly body weight. Treatment with PSE alone showed a reduction in larval locomotor activity and did not significantly affect fecundity or eclosion. The observed effects may be attributed to the fatty acid content of the peanut skin extract, sensitivity of neuronal pathways, and potential interactions with lead. These findings suggest that peanut skin ethanol extract may have limited protective effects against lead-induced toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster, and further investigations are warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential implications for human health.

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“…Certain drawbacks should be considered when using Drosophila as a model for drug screening. The composition of fly food used for fly housekeeping or administration of drugs varies considerably between publications ( Kruger and Denton, 2020 ). As not every compound is soluble in water, vehicles like DMSO may be used, which can have an additional effect on the fly.…”

Section: Drosophila Genetics and Tools To Investigate Seizur...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism to study genetic epilepsies: An overview

Fischer

Karge²,

Weber³

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting more than 45 million people worldwide. Recent advances in genetic techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, have driven genetic discovery and increased our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind many epilepsy syndromes. These insights prompt the development of personalized therapies tailored to the genetic characteristics of an individual patient. However, the surging number of novel genetic variants renders the interpretation of pathogenetic consequences and of potential therapeutic implications ever more challenging. Model organisms can help explore these aspects in vivo. In the last decades, rodent models have significantly contributed to our understanding of genetic epilepsies but their establishment is laborious, expensive, and time-consuming. Additional model organisms to investigate disease variants on a large scale would be desirable. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism in epilepsy research since the discovery of “bang-sensitive” mutants more than half a century ago. These flies respond to mechanical stimulation, such as a brief vortex, with stereotypic seizures and paralysis. Furthermore, the identification of seizure-suppressor mutations allows to pinpoint novel therapeutic targets. Gene editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, are a convenient way to generate flies carrying disease-associated variants. These flies can be screened for phenotypic and behavioral abnormalities, shifting of seizure thresholds, and response to anti-seizure medications and other substances. Moreover, modification of neuronal activity and seizure induction can be achieved using optogenetic tools. In combination with calcium and fluorescent imaging, functional alterations caused by mutations in epilepsy genes can be traced. Here, we review Drosophila as a versatile model organism to study genetic epilepsies, especially as 81% of human epilepsy genes have an orthologous gene in Drosophila. Furthermore, we discuss newly established analysis techniques that might be used to further unravel the pathophysiological aspects of genetic epilepsies.

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A standardized method for incorporation of drugs into food for use with Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Exposure to the Natural Compound Climacostol Induces Cell Damage and Oxidative Stress in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Exposure to the Natural Compound Climacostol Induces Cell Damage and Oxidative Stress in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Evaluation of Peanut Skin Ethanol Extract as Protective Agent against Lead Acetate-Induced Reproductive and Neuromuscular Toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism to study genetic epilepsies: An overview

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