A Standardised Protocol for Neuro-endoscopic Lavage for Post-haemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation: A Delphi Consensus Approach

Abstract

Purpose Neuro-endoscopic lavage (NEL) has shown promise as an emerging procedure for intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD). However, there is considerable variation with regards to the indications, objectives, and surgical technique in NEL. There is currently no randomised trial evidence that supports the use of NEL in the context of PHVD. This study aims to form a consensus on technical variations in the indications and procedural steps of NEL. Methods A mixed methods modified Delphi consensus process was conducted between consultant paediatric neurosurgeons across the United Kingdom. Stages involved literature review, survey, focused online consultation and iterative revisions until > 80% consensus was achieved. Results Twelve consultant paediatric neurosurgeons from 10 centres participated. A standardised protocol including indications, a 3-phase operative workflow (pre-ventricular, intraventricular, post-ventricular) and post-operative care was agreed upon by 100% of participants. Case- and surgeon-specific variation was considered and included through delineation of mandatory, optional, and not recommended steps. Conclusion Expert consensus on a standardised protocol for NEL was achieved, delineating the surgical workflow into three phases: pre-ventricular, intraventricular, and post-ventricular, each consisting of mandatory, optional, and not recommended steps. The work provides a platform for future trials, training, and implementation of NEL.