A standardised in vivo and in vitro test method for evaluating tick repellents

Kröber, Thomas; Bourquin, Martine; Guérin, Patrick M.

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.06.008

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, biocidal activities have been also observed for the hydrodistilled oil of L . × intermedia Grosso against Ixodes ricinus , and for the steam distilled oil of L . × intermedia on the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocidal Potential and Chemical Composition of Industrial Essential Oils from Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula × intermedia var. Super, and Santolina chamaecyparissus

Elguea‐Culebras

Sánchez‐Vioque

Berruga

et al. 2017

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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This work presents the biocidal (insecticidal, ixodicidal, nematicidal, and phytotoxic) effects and chemical compositions of three essential oils obtained from the industrial steam distillation (IEOs) of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia or L. × hybrida var. Super), and cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparissus L.). Their chemical composition analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry showed 1,8-cineole (53%) and β-pinene (16%) as the major components of H. officinalis, linalyl acetate (38%) and linalool (29%) of L. × intermedia; and 1,8-cineole (10%) and 8-methylene-3-oxatricyclo[5.2.0.0 ]nonane (8%) in S. chamaecyparissus. The biocidal tests showed that L. × intermedia IEO was the most active against the insect Spodoptera littoralis and toxic to the tick Hyalomma lusitanicum, IEO of H. officinalis was strongly active against S. littoralis, and finally, S. chamaecyparissus IEO was a strong antifeedant against the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, toxic to H. lusitanicum and with moderate effects against Leptinotarsa decemlineata, S. littoralis, and Lolium perenne.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocidal Potential and Chemical Composition of Industrial Essential Oils from Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula × intermedia var. Super, and Santolina chamaecyparissus

Elguea‐Culebras

Sánchez‐Vioque

Berruga

et al. 2017

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…A previous study determined that in vitro and in vivo methods yielded similar effective doses for a number of active ingredients but did not examine whether the duration of repellency varied by method [ 23 ]. The findings reported here indicate that when the application rate of repellent active ingredients conforms to EPA guidelines [ 8 ] the four bioassay methods tested in our study yield comparable results for the duration of repellency up to 6 h. Most notably, we did not observe significant differences between the in vitro and in vivo methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of in vitro and in vivo repellency bioassay methods for Ixodes scapularis nymphs

et al. 2023

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Background Numerous bioassay methods have been used to test the efficacy of repellents for ticks, but the comparability of results across different methods has only been evaluated in a single study. Of particular interest are comparisons between bioassays that use artificial containers (in vitro) with those conducted on a human subject (in vivo) for efficacy testing of new potential unregistered active ingredients, which most commonly use in vitro methods. Methods We compared four different bioassay methods and evaluated three ingredients (DEET [N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide], peppermint oil and rosemary oil) and a negative control (ethanol) over a 6-h period. Two of the methods tested were in vivo bioassay methods in which the active ingredient was applied to human skin (finger and forearm bioassays), and the other two methods were in vitro methods using artificial containers (jar and petri dish bioassays). All four bioassays were conducted using Ixodesscapularis nymphs. We compared the results using nymphs from two different tick colonies that were derived from I.scapularis collected in the US states of Connecticut and Rhode Island (northern origin) and Oklahoma (southern origin), expecting that ticks of different origin would display differences in host-seeking behavior. Results The results between bioassay methods did not differ significantly, even when comparing those that provide the stimulus of human skin with those that do not. We also found that tick colony source can impact the outcome of repellency bioassays due to differences in movement speed; behavioral differences were incorporated into the assay screening. DEET effectively repelled nymphs for the full 6-h duration of the study. Peppermint oil showed a similar repellent efficacy to DEET during the first hour, but it decreased sharply afterwards. Rosemary oil did not effectively repel nymphs across any of the time points. Conclusions The repellency results did not differ significantly between the four bioassay methods tested. The results also highlight the need to consider the geographic origin of ticks used in repellency bioassays in addition to species and life stage. Finally, our results indicate a limited repellent efficacy of the two essential oils tested, which highlights the need for further studies on the duration of repellency for similar botanically derived active ingredients and for evaluation of formulated products. Graphical Abstract

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“…Primary prevention against ticks may also rely on the use of skin repellents [64]. Data update is currently underway on the effectiveness of skin repellents against tick bites [65,66].…”

Section: Individual-based Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%