A standard conceptual framework for the study of subjective time

Thönes, Sven; Stocker, Kurt

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2019.04.004

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…(2016) instructed their participants to rate the perceived time on a continuous scale from almost no time at all to quite a lot of time . In contrast, participants in the current study gave their time estimation in seconds (additionally enabling us to determine the amount of deviation from real time), which, however, still represents a subjective measure of time (see Bindra & Waksberg, 1956; Thönes & Stocker, 2019). Considerably, Caruso et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Why Do Actions in Slow Motion Appear to Last Longer? On the Effect of Video Speed Information

2021

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When displayed in slow motion, actions are often perceived longer compared with original speed. However, it remains to be determined why this bias exists. Is it possible that the bias emerges because participants underestimate the factor by which a video was slowed down and hence arrive at erroneous conclusions about the original duration? If true, providing explicit information about the respective video speed should eliminate this slow motion effect. To scrutinize the nature of this bias, participants rated the original duration of sports actions displayed at original speed or slow motion. Results revealed the expected overestimation bias consisting in longer ratings with increasing slow motion. However, the bias disappeared when information about the current video speed was provided. The observations suggest an influence of knowledge about video playback speed on cognitive-evaluative processes which may hold important implications for future research and practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Why Do Actions in Slow Motion Appear to Last Longer? On the Effect of Video Speed Information

2021

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“…That is, the perception of time can be modulated depending on one's focus during the task (Phillips, 2012;Wearden, 2015). Arguably, the basis for time perception is rooted in the ability to process temporal order, with temporal resolution allowing for the successful recognition of stimulus order or simultaneity (Thönes and Stocker, 2019). Yet, the question remains as to how exactly the phenomenological perception of the passage of time during flow states and the processing of temporal information are related.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, an elite track and field athlete claimed that "When I went to throw it [the javelin], it was like things were in slow motion, and I could feel the position I was in, and I held my position for a long time" (Jackson, 1995, p.82). This statement, and others regarding the altered perception of time, refers to the speed at which the passage of time is experienced (Thönes and Stocker, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow States and Associated Changes in Spatial and Temporal Processing

et al. 2020

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Improved perception during high performance is a commonly reported phenomenon. However, it is difficult to determine whether these reported changes experienced during flow states reflect veridical changes in perceptual processing, or if instead are related to some form of memory or response bias. Flow is a state in which an individual experiences high focus and involvement in a specific task, and typically experiences a lack of distractibility, a disordered sense of time, great enjoyment, and increased levels of performance. The present pre-registered study investigated 27 athletes and musicians using a temporal order judgement (TOJ) task before and after a sports or music performance over three sessions. Participants' flow experiences were surveyed in order to measure how modulations of flow over successive performances potentially modulates spatiotemporal perception and processing. Hierarchical linear modeling showed a positive moderation of subjectively experienced flow and performance on post-measures of a TOJ task. Specifically, the higher the subjective flow experience of the sport or music performance was rated, the better the participant performed in the postperformance TOJ task compared to the pre-performance TOJ task. The findings of the present study provide a more comprehensive explanation of human perception during flow at high level performances and suggest important insights regarding the possibility of modulated temporal processing and spatial attention.

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“…According to this theory, all events are characterized in terms of their temporal specification, namely as being past, present, or future (Oaklander, 1996). We perceive events (instances in time) approaching from the future, passing by in the present, and receding into the past (time-moving metaphor); also, we perceive objects (including our sense of self) travelling through time from past to future (ego-moving metaphor) (McGlone and Harding, 1998;Thönes and Stocker, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Perception through the Processing of Verb Tenses: An ERP study regarding Mental Time Travel

Papageorgiou

Giannopoulos

Fokas

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Humans are equipped with the so-called Mental Time Travel (MTT) ability, which allows them to consciously construct and elaborate past or future scenes. The mechanisms underlying MTT remain elusive. This study focused on the late positive potential (LPP) and alpha oscillations, considering that LPP covaries with the temporal continuity whereas the alpha oscillations index the temporal organization of perception. To that end, subjects were asked to focus on performing two mental functions engaging working memory, which involved mental self-projection into either the present-past (PP) border or the present-future (PF) border. To evaluate underlying mechanisms, the evoked frontal late positive potentials (LPP) as well as their cortical sources were analyzed via the standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) technique. The LPP amplitudes - in the left lateral prefrontal areas that were elicited during PF tasks - were significantly higher than those associated with PP, whereas opposite patterns were observed in the central and right prefrontal areas. Crucially, the LPP activations of both the PP and PF self-projections overlapped with the brain’s default mode network and related interacting areas. Finally, we found enhanced alpha-related activation with respect to PP in comparison to PF, predominantly over the right hemisphere central brain regions (specifically, the precentral gyrus). These findings confirm that the two types of self-projection, as reflected by the frontally-distributed LPP, share common cortical resources that recruit different brain regions in a balanced way. This balanced distribution of brain activation might signify that biological time tends to behave in a homeostatic way.

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A standard conceptual framework for the study of subjective time

Cited by 39 publications

References 72 publications

Why Do Actions in Slow Motion Appear to Last Longer? On the Effect of Video Speed Information

Why Do Actions in Slow Motion Appear to Last Longer? On the Effect of Video Speed Information

Flow States and Associated Changes in Spatial and Temporal Processing

Time Perception through the Processing of Verb Tenses: An ERP study regarding Mental Time Travel

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