A stable, wideband tunable, near transform-limited, graphene-mode-locked, ultrafast laser

Sun, Zhipei; Popa, D.; Hasan, Tawfique; Torrisi, Felice; Wang, Frank; Kelleher, E. J. R.; Travers, John C.; Nicolosi, Valeria; Ferrari, Andrea C.

doi:10.1007/s12274-010-0026-4

Cited by 361 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…While the predominantly used semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are limited by their narrow wavelength range 17 , and complex fabrication 18 , CNTs and graphene have simple, cost-effective production and integration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Broadband operation is achieved with CNTs by combining tubes of different diameters 12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

Mary¹,

Brown²,

Beecher³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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114

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We fabricate a saturable absorber mirror by coating a graphene film on an output coupler mirror. This is then used to obtain Q-switched mode-locking from a diode pumped linear cavity waveguide laser inscribed in Ytterbium-doped Bismuthate Glass, with high slope and optical conversion efficiencies. The laser produces mode-locked pulses at∼1039nm, with 1.5GHz repetition rate at an average 202mW output power. This performance is due to the combination of the graphene saturable absorber with the high quality laser glass.

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confidence: 99%

15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

Mary¹,

Brown²,

Beecher³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

Self Cite

114

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“…Broadband universal absorption [2,3], ultrafast carrier dynamics [4] and bandfilling effects [5,6] make it a promising broadband fast-saturable absorber for various applications, including ultrafast lasers [7][8][9]. The high nonlinear susceptibility of graphene can also potentially enable high-efficiency optical frequency conversion (e.g., four wave mixing [10], harmonic generation [11,12] and nonlinear refraction [13,14]).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tuning the nonlinear optical absorption of reduced graphene oxide by chemical reduction

et al. 2014

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Reduced graphene oxides with varying degrees of reduction have been produced by hydrazine reduction of graphene oxide. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of both graphene oxide as well as the reduced graphene oxides have been measured by single beam Z-scan measurement in the picosecond region. The results reveal both saturable absorption and two-photon absorption, strongly dependent on the intensity of the pump pulse: saturable absorption occurs at lower pump pulse intensity (~1.5 GW/cm 2 saturation intensity) whereas two-photon absorption dominates at higher intensities (≥5.7 GW/cm 2 ). Intriguingly, we find that the two-photon absorption coefficient (from 1.5 cm/GW to 4.5cm/GW) and the saturation intensity (from 1 GW/cm 2 to 2 GW/cm 2 ) vary with chemical reduction, which is ascribed to the varying concentrations of sp 2 domains and sp 2 clusters in the reduced graphene oxides. Our results not only provide an insight into the evolution of the nonlinear optical coefficient in reduced graphene oxide, but also suggest that chemical engineering techniques may usefully be applied to tune the nonlinear optical properties of various nanomaterials, including atomically thick graphene sheets.

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“…[14] have been used for ultrafast lasers. The common method of integrating graphene SAs in laser cavities is to sandwich a graphene SA film between two fiber connectors with a fiber adaptor [10][11][12][13][15][16][17]. However, it is known that solubility and/or processability are the first issues for many prospective applications of graphene-based materials [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Both SWCNTs and graphene have advantages, such as ultrafast recovery time, large saturable absorption, ease of fabrication, and low cost. Using a mode-locking technique, optical pulses from sub 200 femtoseconds to a few nanoseconds have been reported for SWCNT-based SAs and graphene-based SAs [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, graphene may be superior to SWCNTs in broadband mode-locking due to its gapless linear dispersion of Dirac electrons [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Passively mode-locked fiber laser based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with few-layered graphene oxide solution

2011

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We demonstrate a nanosecond-pulse erbium-doped fiber laser that is passively mode locked by a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with few-layered graphene oxide solution. Owing to the good solution processing capability of few-layered graphene oxide, which can be filled into the core of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber through a selective hole filling process, a graphene saturable absorber can be successfully fabricated. The output pulses obtained have a center wavelength, pulse width, and repetition rate of 1561:2 nm, 4:85 ns, and 7:68 MHz, respectively. This method provides a simple and efficient approach to integrate the graphene into the optical fiber system. [14] have been used for ultrafast lasers. The common method of integrating graphene SAs in laser cavities is to sandwich a graphene SA film between two fiber connectors with a fiber adaptor [10][11][12][13][15][16][17]. However, it is known that solubility and/or processability are the first issues for many prospective applications of graphene-based materials [19]. Although GO has a good solubility in water and many organic solvents, unfortunately carbon atoms bonded with oxygen groups are sp 3 hybridized and disrupt the sp 2 conjugation of the hexagonal graphene lattice in GO and thus destroy the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons and influence the unique optical properties of graphene [20]. This makes GO unsuitable as a broadband SA in laser cavities for ultrafast pulse generation. Thus, a solution-phase graphene with large SA becomes crucially important because it can easily be integrated into a range of photonic systems. Furthermore, a solution-phase graphene can provide a robust method of nonlinear interaction of the guided mode, which has the potential benefit of increasing the damage threshold of the SA for high power pulse formation in laser cavity.Here, using a selective hole filling technique, we report an erbium-doped fiber laser mode locked by a hollowcore photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) filled with fewlayered graphene oxide (FGO) solution. The good solution processing capability of FGO makes it possible to be filled into the core of HC-PCF. The cavity comprises sections with normal and anomalous dispersion and the output pulses of 4:85 ns are obtained at the center wavelength of 1561:2 nm.Our all-fiber mode-locked ring laser setup is shown in Fig. 1. A 1:5 m heavily erbium-doped fiber (OFS EDF-80) is used as the gain medium, pumped by a 1480 nm high power laser diode through a wavelength division multiplexer coupler. A polarization controller (PC) is used to optimize the mode-locking operation while a polarization independent isolator maintains the unidirectional

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A stable, wideband tunable, near transform-limited, graphene-mode-locked, ultrafast laser

Abstract: We report an ultrafast laser mode-locked with a graphene saturable absorber. The linear dispersions of the Dirac electrons in graphene enable wideband tunability. We get ~1 ps pulses, tunable between 1525 and 1559 nm, with stable mode-locking, insensitive to environmental perturbations.

Cited by 361 publications

References 69 publications

15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

15 GHz picosecond pulse generation from a monolithic waveguide laser with a graphene-film saturable output coupler

Tuning the nonlinear optical absorption of reduced graphene oxide by chemical reduction

Passively mode-locked fiber laser based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with few-layered graphene oxide solution

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